Heitham Awadalla1, Sufian K Noor2, Wadie M Elmadhoun3, Ahmed O Almobarak4, Nehad E Elmak5, Sulaf I Abdelaziz6, Amel A Sulaiman7, Mohamed H Ahmed8. 1. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. Electronic address: heithamawadalla@gmail.com. 2. Department of Medicine, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan. 3. Department of Pathology, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan. 4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. 5. Public and Tropical Health Program, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. 6. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. 7. Research & Information, Public Health Administration Unit- MOH, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. 8. Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK. Electronic address: elziber@yahoo.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Sudan and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of complications of type 2 diabetes across different cities in the country. METHODS: Individuals with type 2 diabetes, who have been on treatment for DM for at least one year and volunteered to participate, were selected from two diabetes centers in Sudan (Khartoum and Atbara). Participants were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, socio-demographic, life style characteristics and presence of complications of diabetes. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty four individuals with T2DM were included in this study (50.7% males and 49.3% females). Good glycemic control (HbA1c <7) was found in 15.7%. Hypertension was reported in 39.9% and myocardial infarction in 5.9%, while high cholesterol and triglyceride noted in 59.9%, 32.5% respectively. Low HDL was noted in 52.6%. Other complications like peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and diabetic foot were observed in 68.2%, 72.6% and 12.7% respectively. Factors significantly associated with these complications were longer duration of diabetes (P<0.001), and living in urban areas (P<0.004). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of complications of type 2 diabetes were observed especially in those with longer duration of diabetes and poor control.
BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Sudan and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of complications of type 2 diabetes across different cities in the country. METHODS: Individuals with type 2 diabetes, who have been on treatment for DM for at least one year and volunteered to participate, were selected from two diabetes centers in Sudan (Khartoum and Atbara). Participants were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, socio-demographic, life style characteristics and presence of complications of diabetes. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty four individuals with T2DM were included in this study (50.7% males and 49.3% females). Good glycemic control (HbA1c <7) was found in 15.7%. Hypertension was reported in 39.9% and myocardial infarction in 5.9%, while high cholesterol and triglyceride noted in 59.9%, 32.5% respectively. Low HDL was noted in 52.6%. Other complications like peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and diabetic foot were observed in 68.2%, 72.6% and 12.7% respectively. Factors significantly associated with these complications were longer duration of diabetes (P<0.001), and living in urban areas (P<0.004). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of complications of type 2 diabetes were observed especially in those with longer duration of diabetes and poor control.
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