Abdul Jabbar1, Mohamed Hassanein2, Salem A Beshyah3, Kristina S Boye4, Maria Yu5, Steven M Babineaux6. 1. Eli Lilly and Company, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: abdul.jabbar@lilly.com. 2. Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: mhassanein148@hotmail.com. 3. Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: beshyah@yahoo.com. 4. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address: boye_kristina_secnik@lilly.com. 5. Eli Lilly and Company, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: yu_maria@lilly.com. 6. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address: babineauxsm@lilly.com.
Abstract
AIMS: To describe diabetes treatment and hypoglycaemia in individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan. METHODS: A multi-country, retrospective, observational study with data captured before, during, and after Ramadan. We report on a cohort of people (N=3250) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in four culturally distinct regions: Asia, North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. RESULTS: During Ramadan, the proportion of participants on oral anti-diabetic medication alone ranged from 68.4% (Middle East) to 80.5% (Asia); the proportion on insulin alone ranged from 3.7% (Middle East) to 8.6% (Europe). The average number of days fasted for individuals with an American Diabetes Association (ADA) risk status of very high was 27 (Middle East), 25.7 (Asia), 25.4 (North Africa), and 21 (Europe). The incidence of hypoglycaemia according to an ADA risk status of very high was 5.6% (n=1/18, Europe), 6.1% (n=2/33, Middle East), 8.7% (n=4/46, Asia), and 38% (n=10/26, North Africa). The incidence of hypoglycaemia, during Ramadan, for the entire cohort was 16.8% with insulin treatment and 5.3% with oral anti-diabetic medication. Having an episode of hypoglycaemia before Ramadan was associated with hypoglycaemia during Ramadan (odds ratio 7.80; 95% confidence interval 5.31-11.45). CONCLUSIONS: Approaches to the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan varied across regions. Episodes of hypoglycaemia and insulin therapy predicted risk of hypoglycaemia during Ramadan and identified individuals who required Ramadan-specific education.
AIMS: To describe diabetes treatment and hypoglycaemia in individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan. METHODS: A multi-country, retrospective, observational study with data captured before, during, and after Ramadan. We report on a cohort of people (N=3250) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in four culturally distinct regions: Asia, North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. RESULTS: During Ramadan, the proportion of participants on oral anti-diabetic medication alone ranged from 68.4% (Middle East) to 80.5% (Asia); the proportion on insulin alone ranged from 3.7% (Middle East) to 8.6% (Europe). The average number of days fasted for individuals with an American Diabetes Association (ADA) risk status of very high was 27 (Middle East), 25.7 (Asia), 25.4 (North Africa), and 21 (Europe). The incidence of hypoglycaemia according to an ADA risk status of very high was 5.6% (n=1/18, Europe), 6.1% (n=2/33, Middle East), 8.7% (n=4/46, Asia), and 38% (n=10/26, North Africa). The incidence of hypoglycaemia, during Ramadan, for the entire cohort was 16.8% with insulin treatment and 5.3% with oral anti-diabetic medication. Having an episode of hypoglycaemia before Ramadan was associated with hypoglycaemia during Ramadan (odds ratio 7.80; 95% confidence interval 5.31-11.45). CONCLUSIONS: Approaches to the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan varied across regions. Episodes of hypoglycaemia and insulin therapy predicted risk of hypoglycaemia during Ramadan and identified individuals who required Ramadan-specific education.
Authors: Syed H Ahmed; Tahseen A Chowdhury; Sufyan Hussain; Ateeq Syed; Ali Karamat; Ahmed Helmy; Salman Waqar; Samina Ali; Ammarah Dabhad; Susan T Seal; Anna Hodgkinson; Shazli Azmi; Nazim Ghouri Journal: Diabetes Ther Date: 2020-09-09 Impact factor: 2.945
Authors: Louay Y Zaghlol; Amir F Beirat; Justin Z Amarin; Amro M Hassoun Al Najar; Yazan Y Hasan; Abdallah Qtaishat; Michael E Tierney; Raja Y Zaghlol; Ayman A Zayed Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2021-07-07 Impact factor: 5.555