Yoko Nishimura1, Kimihiko Moriya2, Michiko Nakamura1, Mutsumi Nishida3, Megumi Sato4, Yusuke Kudo3, Satomi Omotehara3, Takahito Iwai3, Yamato Wakabayashi4, Yukiko Kanno1, Takeya Kitta1, Masafumi Kon1, Nobuo Shinohara1. 1. Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. 2. Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: k-moriya@med.hokudai.ac.jp. 3. Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan; Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan. 4. Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the prevalence and chronological changes of testicular microlithiasis in isolated congenital undescended testes, retrospective chart review was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among children with palpable isolated undescended testes who underwent orchiopexy at less than 3 years of age between January 2009 and May 2016, those who had preoperative testicular ultrasonography were enrolled. Testicular microlithiasis was classified as limited or classic. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients (54 unilateral undescended testes and 11 bilateral undescended testes) were enrolled. Preoperative evaluation demonstrated limited testicular microlithiasis in only 2 undescended testes in 2 patients (1 with unilateral undescended testes and 1 with bilateral undescended testes). Of these patients, 1 with unilateral undescended testes had limited testicular microlithiasis and the other with bilateral undescended testes had classic testicular microlithiasis after surgery. Among 53 unilateral undescended testes without microlithiasis preoperatively, limited and classic testicular microlithiasis was found in 1 and 6 testes, respectively, during follow-up. Testicular microlithiasis was identified in 2 on the contralateral descended testis of unilateral undescended testes postoperatively. Among 10 patients with bilateral undescended testes without microlithiasis preoperatively, limited testicular microlithiasis was detected in 4 during follow-up. Testicular microlithiasis was not diminished or resolved during follow-up. The overall prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in undescended testes (21.1%) was significantly higher than that in the contralateral descended testis in patients with unilateral undescended testes (3.7%) (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Most testicular microlithiasis was identified postoperatively and never improved. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in isolated congenital undescended testes increased with time even if operated on early in life.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the prevalence and chronological changes of testicular microlithiasis in isolated congenital undescended testes, retrospective chart review was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among children with palpable isolated undescended testes who underwent orchiopexy at less than 3 years of age between January 2009 and May 2016, those who had preoperative testicular ultrasonography were enrolled. Testicular microlithiasis was classified as limited or classic. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients (54 unilateral undescended testes and 11 bilateral undescended testes) were enrolled. Preoperative evaluation demonstrated limited testicular microlithiasis in only 2 undescended testes in 2 patients (1 with unilateral undescended testes and 1 with bilateral undescended testes). Of these patients, 1 with unilateral undescended testes had limited testicular microlithiasis and the other with bilateral undescended testes had classic testicular microlithiasis after surgery. Among 53 unilateral undescended testes without microlithiasis preoperatively, limited and classic testicular microlithiasis was found in 1 and 6 testes, respectively, during follow-up. Testicular microlithiasis was identified in 2 on the contralateral descended testis of unilateral undescended testes postoperatively. Among 10 patients with bilateral undescended testes without microlithiasis preoperatively, limited testicular microlithiasis was detected in 4 during follow-up. Testicular microlithiasis was not diminished or resolved during follow-up. The overall prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in undescended testes (21.1%) was significantly higher than that in the contralateral descended testis in patients with unilateral undescended testes (3.7%) (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Most testicular microlithiasis was identified postoperatively and never improved. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in isolated congenital undescended testes increased with time even if operated on early in life.