Joy Rayanne Piontak1, Michael A Russell2, Andrea Danese3, William E Copeland4, Rick H Hoyle5, Candice L Odgers6. 1. Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Box 90239, Durham, NC 27708-7401, USA; RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: jpiontak@rti.org. 2. The Methodology Center, Penn State University, 431 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Electronic address: mar60@psu.edu. 3. MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: andrea.danese@kcl.ac.uk. 4. Center for Developmental Epidemiology, Duke University, 905 W. Main Street, Suite 22B Brightleaf Square, Durham, NC 27701, USA. Electronic address: william.copeland@duke.edu. 5. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Electronic address: rhoyle@duke.edu. 6. Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Box 90239, Durham, NC 27708-7401, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Electronic address: candice.odgers@duke.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test whether exposure to violence is associated with same-day increases in obesogenic behaviors among young adolescents, including unhealthy food and beverage consumption, poor quality sleep, and lack of physical activity. METHODS: Young at-risk adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age were recruited via telephone screening from low-income neighborhoods. Adolescents and their parents completed in-person assessments, followed by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) delivered to 151 adolescents' mobile phones three times a day for 30 days (4329 person days). Three obesogenic behaviors - unhealthy food consumption, poor sleep quality, and lack of physical activity - and violence exposure were assessed daily. Adolescents' body mass index (BMI) was assessed prior to the EMA and 18 months later. A replication was performed among 395 adolescents from a population-representative sample (with 5276 EMA person days). RESULTS: On days that at-risk adolescents were exposed versus not exposed to violence, they were more likely to consume unhealthy foods and beverages (b = 0.12, p = 0.01), report feeling tired the next morning (OR = 1.58, p < 0.01), and to be active (OR = 1.61, p < 0.01). At-risk adolescents who reported higher consumption of soda and caffeinated beverages during the 30-day EMA were more likely to experience increases in BMI in later adolescence. Findings related to sleep and activity were supported in the population-based replication sample; however, no significant same-day associations were found between violence exposure and unhealthy dietary consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that exposure to violence is associated with same-day unhealthy dietary consumption among at-risk adolescents and next-day tiredness related to sleep quality among adolescents from both at-risk and normative populations. Findings also point to unhealthy soda consumption during early adolescence as an important predictor of weight gain among at-risk adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: To test whether exposure to violence is associated with same-day increases in obesogenic behaviors among young adolescents, including unhealthy food and beverage consumption, poor quality sleep, and lack of physical activity. METHODS: Young at-risk adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age were recruited via telephone screening from low-income neighborhoods. Adolescents and their parents completed in-person assessments, followed by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) delivered to 151 adolescents' mobile phones three times a day for 30 days (4329 person days). Three obesogenic behaviors - unhealthy food consumption, poor sleep quality, and lack of physical activity - and violence exposure were assessed daily. Adolescents' body mass index (BMI) was assessed prior to the EMA and 18 months later. A replication was performed among 395 adolescents from a population-representative sample (with 5276 EMA person days). RESULTS: On days that at-risk adolescents were exposed versus not exposed to violence, they were more likely to consume unhealthy foods and beverages (b = 0.12, p = 0.01), report feeling tired the next morning (OR = 1.58, p < 0.01), and to be active (OR = 1.61, p < 0.01). At-risk adolescents who reported higher consumption of soda and caffeinated beverages during the 30-day EMA were more likely to experience increases in BMI in later adolescence. Findings related to sleep and activity were supported in the population-based replication sample; however, no significant same-day associations were found between violence exposure and unhealthy dietary consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that exposure to violence is associated with same-day unhealthy dietary consumption among at-risk adolescents and next-day tiredness related to sleep quality among adolescents from both at-risk and normative populations. Findings also point to unhealthy soda consumption during early adolescence as an important predictor of weight gain among at-risk adolescents.
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