Chimezie Godswill Okwuonu1, Innocent Ijezie Chukwuonye1, Oluseyi Ademola Adejumo2, Emmanuel Idoko Agaba3, Louis Ikechukwu Ojogwu4. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Nephrology Unit, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Care Centre Ondo, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Jos University Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent problem worldwide. Treatment of end-stage kidney disease is beyond the reach of an average Nigerian. The prevention and early detection are imperative to reducing its burden. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD and some of its risk factors among adults in a representative semi-urban Nigerian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 400 randomly selected adults. Participants were assessed using the WHO stepwise approach. Urinary protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine, among other parameters, were analysed. A PCR ≥200 mg/g was regarded as significant proteinuria while GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was regarded as reduced GFR. Participants with abnormal PCR and/or reduced GFR were re-evaluated after 3 months to document persistence of these abnormalities. CKD was defined as persistent significant proteinuria and/or reduced GFR for more than 3 months. RESULTS: Data were complete for 328 participants. Persistent significant proteinuria was found in 5.8% while persistently reduced GFR was obtained in 4.6% of participants. Overall, the prevalence of CKD was 7.8%. The prevalence of some established CKD risk factors was old age, 36.3%; hypertension, 36.9%; diabetes mellitus, 7.9%; and family history of kidney disease, 6.4%. The predictors of CKD included old age (adjusted odds ratio = 3.2; confidence interval: 1.10-8.92; P= 0.02), hypertension: 3.5 (1.93-11.90; P= 0.001), family history of kidney disease; 4.5 (3.91-10.23; P= 0.01), generalised obesity 1.3 (1.20-6.21; P= 0.001) and central obesity 3.8 (1.13-12.68; P= 0.003). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CKD and some of its risk factors were high. Effective control of the modifiable risk factors identified will assist in reducing the burden of CKD.
BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent problem worldwide. Treatment of end-stage kidney disease is beyond the reach of an average Nigerian. The prevention and early detection are imperative to reducing its burden. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD and some of its risk factors among adults in a representative semi-urban Nigerian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 400 randomly selected adults. Participants were assessed using the WHO stepwise approach. Urinary protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine, among other parameters, were analysed. A PCR ≥200 mg/g was regarded as significant proteinuria while GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was regarded as reduced GFR. Participants with abnormal PCR and/or reduced GFR were re-evaluated after 3 months to document persistence of these abnormalities. CKD was defined as persistent significant proteinuria and/or reduced GFR for more than 3 months. RESULTS: Data were complete for 328 participants. Persistent significant proteinuria was found in 5.8% while persistently reduced GFR was obtained in 4.6% of participants. Overall, the prevalence of CKD was 7.8%. The prevalence of some established CKD risk factors was old age, 36.3%; hypertension, 36.9%; diabetes mellitus, 7.9%; and family history of kidney disease, 6.4%. The predictors of CKD included old age (adjusted odds ratio = 3.2; confidence interval: 1.10-8.92; P= 0.02), hypertension: 3.5 (1.93-11.90; P= 0.001), family history of kidney disease; 4.5 (3.91-10.23; P= 0.01), generalised obesity 1.3 (1.20-6.21; P= 0.001) and central obesity 3.8 (1.13-12.68; P= 0.003). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CKD and some of its risk factors were high. Effective control of the modifiable risk factors identified will assist in reducing the burden of CKD.
Authors: A D Olusegun-Joseph; O Akande; E Otrofanowei; E O Nwoye; O B Olopade; J N Ajuluchukwu Journal: Afr Health Sci Date: 2021-03 Impact factor: 0.927
Authors: Sylvester Yao Lokpo; James Osei-Yeboah; William K B A Owiredu; Francis Abeku Ussher; Verner Ndudiri Orish; Felix Gadzeto; Paul Ntiamoah; Felix Botchway; Ivan Muanah; Romeo Asumbasiya Aduko Journal: Int J Hypertens Date: 2018-11-05 Impact factor: 2.420
Authors: Gwladys N Gbaguidi; Corine Y Houehanou; Salimanou A Amidou; Jacques Vigan; Dismand S Houinato; Philippe Lacroix Journal: BMC Nephrol Date: 2021-03-31 Impact factor: 2.388