Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu1, Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu2, Ander Wilson3, Brent A Coull4, Mathew P Pendo5, Andrea Baccarelli6, Itai Kloog7, Joel Schwartz8, Robert O Wright9, Elsie M Taveras10, Rosalind J Wright11. 1. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 2. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 3. Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. 4. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 5. Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University College of Arts and Science, Nashville, TN, USA. 6. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 7. Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. 8. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 9. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 10. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA. 11. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evolving animal studies and limited epidemiological data show that prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with childhood obesity. Timing of exposure and child sex may play an important role in these associations. We applied an innovative method to examine sex-specific sensitive prenatal windows of exposure to PM2.5 on anthropometric measures in preschool-aged children. METHODS: Analyses included 239 children born ≥ 37 weeks gestation in an ethnically-mixed lower-income urban birth cohort. Prenatal daily PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a validated satellite-based spatio-temporal model. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), fat mass, % body fat, subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, waist and hip circumferences and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed at age 4.0 ± 0.7 years. Using Bayesian distributed lag interaction models (BDLIMs), we examined sex differences in sensitive windows of weekly averaged PM2.5 levels on these measures, adjusting for child age, maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and pre-pregnancy BMI. RESULTS: Mothers were primarily Hispanic (55%) or Black (26%), had ≤ 12 years of education (66%) and never smoked (80%). Increased PM2.5 exposure 8-17 and 15-22 weeks gestation was significantly associated with increased BMI z-scores and fat mass in boys, but not in girls. Higher PM2.5 exposure 10-29 weeks gestation was significantly associated with increased WHR in girls, but not in boys. Prenatal PM2.5 was not significantly associated with other measures of body composition. Estimated cumulative effects across pregnancy, accounting for sensitive windows and within-window effects, were 0.21 (95%CI = 0.01-0.37) for BMI-z and 0.36 (95%CI = 0.12-0.68) for fat mass (kg) in boys, and 0.02 (95%CI = 0.01-0.03) for WHR in girls, all per µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Increased prenatal PM2.5 exposure was more strongly associated with indices of increased whole body size in boys and with an indicator of body shape in girls. Methods to better characterize vulnerable windows may provide insight into underlying mechanisms contributing to sex-specific associations.
BACKGROUND: Evolving animal studies and limited epidemiological data show that prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with childhood obesity. Timing of exposure and child sex may play an important role in these associations. We applied an innovative method to examine sex-specific sensitive prenatal windows of exposure to PM2.5 on anthropometric measures in preschool-aged children. METHODS: Analyses included 239 children born ≥ 37 weeks gestation in an ethnically-mixed lower-income urban birth cohort. Prenatal daily PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a validated satellite-based spatio-temporal model. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), fat mass, % body fat, subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, waist and hip circumferences and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed at age 4.0 ± 0.7 years. Using Bayesian distributed lag interaction models (BDLIMs), we examined sex differences in sensitive windows of weekly averaged PM2.5 levels on these measures, adjusting for child age, maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and pre-pregnancy BMI. RESULTS: Mothers were primarily Hispanic (55%) or Black (26%), had ≤ 12 years of education (66%) and never smoked (80%). Increased PM2.5 exposure 8-17 and 15-22 weeks gestation was significantly associated with increased BMI z-scores and fat mass in boys, but not in girls. Higher PM2.5 exposure 10-29 weeks gestation was significantly associated with increased WHR in girls, but not in boys. Prenatal PM2.5 was not significantly associated with other measures of body composition. Estimated cumulative effects across pregnancy, accounting for sensitive windows and within-window effects, were 0.21 (95%CI = 0.01-0.37) for BMI-z and 0.36 (95%CI = 0.12-0.68) for fat mass (kg) in boys, and 0.02 (95%CI = 0.01-0.03) for WHR in girls, all per µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Increased prenatal PM2.5 exposure was more strongly associated with indices of increased whole body size in boys and with an indicator of body shape in girls. Methods to better characterize vulnerable windows may provide insight into underlying mechanisms contributing to sex-specific associations.
Authors: Teresa A Hillier; Kathryn L Pedula; Mark M Schmidt; Judith A Mullen; Marie-Aline Charles; David J Pettitt Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2007-05-22 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Rik P Bogers; Wanda J E Bemelmans; Rudolf T Hoogenveen; Hendriek C Boshuizen; Mark Woodward; Paul Knekt; Rob M van Dam; Frank B Hu; Tommy L S Visscher; Alessandro Menotti; Roland J Thorpe; Konrad Jamrozik; Susanna Calling; Bjørn Heine Strand; Martin J Shipley Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2007-09-10
Authors: Maria José Rosa; Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu; Allan C Just; Kasey J Brennan; Tessa Bloomquist; Itai Kloog; Ivan Pantic; Adriana Mercado García; Ander Wilson; Brent A Coull; Robert O Wright; Martha María Téllez Rojo; Andrea A Baccarelli; Rosalind J Wright Journal: Environ Res Date: 2019-03-02 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Andrew G Rundle; Dympna Gallagher; Julie B Herbstman; Jeff Goldsmith; Darrell Holmes; Abeer Hassoun; Sharon Oberfield; Rachel L Miller; Howard Andrews; Elizabeth M Widen; Lori A Hoepner; Frederica Perera Journal: Environ Res Date: 2019-07-19 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Alison G Lee; Whitney Cowell; Srimathi Kannan; Harish B Ganguri; Farida Nentin; Ander Wilson; Brent A Coull; Robert O Wright; Andrea Baccarelli; Valentina Bollati; Rosalind J Wright Journal: Environ Res Date: 2020-05-21 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Maria José Rosa; Maria D Politis; Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz; Elena Colicino; Ivan Pantic; Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez; Mari Cruz Tolentino; Aurora Espejel-Nuñez; Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez; Itai Kloog; Nadya Rivera Rivera; Andrea A Baccarelli; Martha M Tellez-Rojo; Robert O Wright; Allan C Just; Alison P Sanders Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-09-16 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Jennifer K Mann; Liza Lutzker; Stephanie M Holm; Helene G Margolis; Andreas M Neophytou; Ellen A Eisen; Sadie Costello; Tim Tyner; Nina Holland; Gwen Tindula; Mary Prunicki; Kari Nadeau; Elizabeth M Noth; Fred Lurmann; S Katharine Hammond; John R Balmes Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-02-12 Impact factor: 6.498