Chongke Zhong1, Jingyuan Yang1, Tan Xu1, Tian Xu1, Yanbo Peng1, Aili Wang1, Jinchao Wang1, Hao Peng1, Qunwei Li1, Zhong Ju1, Deqin Geng1, Yonghong Zhang2, Jiang He2. 1. From the Department of Epidemiology (C.Z., J.Y., T.X., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, A.W., H.P., Y.Z., J.H.), School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology (C.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z., J.H.), Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Epidemiology (J.Y.), School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang; Department of Neurology (Tian Xu), Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu; Department of Neurology (Y.P.), Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei; Department of Neurology (J.W.), Yutian County Hospital, Hebei; Department of Epidemiology (Q.L.), School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Shandong; Department of Neurology (Z.J.), Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia; and Department of Neurology (D.G.), Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China. 2. From the Department of Epidemiology (C.Z., J.Y., T.X., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, A.W., H.P., Y.Z., J.H.), School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology (C.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z., J.H.), Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Epidemiology (J.Y.), School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang; Department of Neurology (Tian Xu), Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu; Department of Neurology (Y.P.), Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei; Department of Neurology (J.W.), Yutian County Hospital, Hebei; Department of Epidemiology (Q.L.), School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Shandong; Department of Neurology (Z.J.), Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia; and Department of Neurology (D.G.), Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China. yhzhang@suda.edu.cn jhe@tulane.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between serum matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) levels and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We measured serum MMP-9 levels in 3,186 participants (2,008 men and 1,178 women) from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). Study outcome data on death, major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3), and vascular disease were collected at 3 months after stroke onset. RESULTS: During 3 months of follow-up, 767 participants (24.6%) experienced major disability or died. Serum MMP-9 was significantly associated with an increased risk of death and major disability after adjustment for age, sex, time from onset to randomization, current smoking, alcohol drinking, admission NIH Stroke Scale score, diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, white blood cell counts, use of antihypertensive medications, and history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. For example, 1-SD (0.32 ng/mL) higher log-MMP-9 was associated with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.16 (1.06-1.28) for the combined outcome of death and major disability, 1.12 (1.01-1.23) for major disability, and 1.29 (1.01-1.66) for death. The addition of serum MMP-9 to conventional risk factors improved risk prediction of the combined outcome of death or major disability (net reclassification index 9.1%, p = 0.033; integrated discrimination improvement 0.4%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum MMP-9 levels in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were associated with increased risk of mortality and major disability, suggesting that serum MMP-9 could be an important prognostic factor for ischemic stroke.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between serum matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) levels and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We measured serum MMP-9 levels in 3,186 participants (2,008 men and 1,178 women) from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). Study outcome data on death, major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3), and vascular disease were collected at 3 months after stroke onset. RESULTS: During 3 months of follow-up, 767 participants (24.6%) experienced major disability or died. Serum MMP-9 was significantly associated with an increased risk of death and major disability after adjustment for age, sex, time from onset to randomization, current smoking, alcohol drinking, admission NIH Stroke Scale score, diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, white blood cell counts, use of antihypertensive medications, and history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. For example, 1-SD (0.32 ng/mL) higher log-MMP-9 was associated with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.16 (1.06-1.28) for the combined outcome of death and major disability, 1.12 (1.01-1.23) for major disability, and 1.29 (1.01-1.66) for death. The addition of serum MMP-9 to conventional risk factors improved risk prediction of the combined outcome of death or major disability (net reclassification index 9.1%, p = 0.033; integrated discrimination improvement 0.4%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum MMP-9 levels in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were associated with increased risk of mortality and major disability, suggesting that serum MMP-9 could be an important prognostic factor for ischemic stroke.
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