Yael Peled1, Jacob Lavee2, Eugenia Raichlin3, Moshe Katz2, Michael Arad2, Yigal Kassif2, Amir Peled4, Elad Asher2, Dan Elian2, Yedael Har-Zahav5, Nir Shlomo6, Dov Freimark2, Ilan Goldenberg7, Robert Klempfner2. 1. The Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: Yael.Peled-Potashnik@sheba.health.gov.il. 2. The Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 3. Cardiology Department, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA. 4. Clalit Health Services, Central Region, Israel. 5. The Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel. 6. Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials, The Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel. 7. The Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials, The Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malignancy and diabetes mellitus (DM) cause significant morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation (HTx). Metformin, one of the most commonly used anti-diabetic drugs worldwide, has also been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity. We therefore investigated the association between metformin therapy and malignancy after HTx. METHODS: The study population comprised 237 patients who underwent HTx between 1991 and 2016 and were prospectively followed-up. Clinical data were recorded on prospectively designed forms. The primary outcome was any cancer recorded during 15 years of follow-up. Treatment with metformin and the development of DM after HTx were assessed as time-dependent factors in the analyses. RESULTS: Of the 237 study patients, 85 (36%) had diabetes. Of the DM patients, 48 (56%) were treated with metformin. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that, at 15 years after HTx, malignancy rate was 4% for DM patients treated with metformin, 62% for those who did not receive metformin and 27% for non-DM patients (log-rank test, p < 0.0001). Consistently, multivariate analysis showed that for DM patients, metformin therapy was independently associated with a significant 90% reduction (hazard ratio = 0.10; 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.40; p = 0.001) in the risk of the development of a malignancy. DM patients who were treated with metformin had a markedly lower risk (65%; p = 0.001) for the development of a malignancy or death after HTx as compared with non-DM patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that metformin therapy is independently associated with a significant reduction in the risk of malignancy after HTx.
BACKGROUND:Malignancy and diabetes mellitus (DM) cause significant morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation (HTx). Metformin, one of the most commonly used anti-diabetic drugs worldwide, has also been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity. We therefore investigated the association between metformin therapy and malignancy after HTx. METHODS: The study population comprised 237 patients who underwent HTx between 1991 and 2016 and were prospectively followed-up. Clinical data were recorded on prospectively designed forms. The primary outcome was any cancer recorded during 15 years of follow-up. Treatment with metformin and the development of DM after HTx were assessed as time-dependent factors in the analyses. RESULTS: Of the 237 study patients, 85 (36%) had diabetes. Of the DMpatients, 48 (56%) were treated with metformin. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that, at 15 years after HTx, malignancy rate was 4% for DMpatients treated with metformin, 62% for those who did not receive metformin and 27% for non-DMpatients (log-rank test, p < 0.0001). Consistently, multivariate analysis showed that for DMpatients, metformin therapy was independently associated with a significant 90% reduction (hazard ratio = 0.10; 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.40; p = 0.001) in the risk of the development of a malignancy. DMpatients who were treated with metformin had a markedly lower risk (65%; p = 0.001) for the development of a malignancy or death after HTx as compared with non-DMpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that metformin therapy is independently associated with a significant reduction in the risk of malignancy after HTx.
Authors: Eilon Ram; Jacob Lavee; Alexander Tenenbaum; Robert Klempfner; Enrique Z Fisman; Elad Maor; Tal Ovdat; Sergei Amunts; Leonid Sternik; Yael Peled Journal: Cardiovasc Diabetol Date: 2019-09-16 Impact factor: 9.951