John H Holmes1, Lucia Sacchi2, Riccardo Bellazzi3, Niels Peek4. 1. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA. 2. Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: lucia.sacchi@unipv.it. 3. Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 4. Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.