Robert J Chouake1, William E Karle2, Craig H Zalvan3,4. 1. Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla. 2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York. 3. Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla. 4. The Institute for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, Phelps Hospital, Sleepy Hollow, New York.