Late-Onset Hiv Encephalopathy In Children With Long-Standing Virologic Suppression Followed By Slow Spontaneous Recovery Despite no Change In Antiretroviral Therapy: 4 Case Reports.

We describe 4 Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy trial participants with late-onset HIV encephalopathy despite long-standing viral suppression in blood and undetectable HIV DNA and RNA polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid. Extensive investigations revealed no alternative etiology. Reassuringly, all 4 experienced slow spontaneous recovery despite no change in antiretroviral therapy. Virally suppressed HIV-infected children remain at risk for fluctuating neurologic signs and symptoms.