Molecular imaging encompasses a host of scientific fields, in sciences including biomedicine to clinical medicine, and interlacing at-large clinical problems and challenges following a path from ‘bench to bedside’. One of the key elements in molecular imaging is the emergence of multimodality imaging—e.g., positron emission tomography (PET) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—which is increasingly used for diagnosis, staging, and surveillance for various forms of cancer.[1] The role of this type of imaging is expanding, as it complements physicians’ formulation of diagnoses and strategizing of treatment planning in areas where inefficacious surgical interventions and toxic treatments could be averted.Molecular imaging methods have been shown to impact the end results of all forms of tests evaluating tumour behaviour. Signalling processes that underpin tumour cell reprogramming are vital, as the tumour’s clonal heterogeneity renders the type of treatment needed for each individual cell, which in essence is ‘personalizing’ of treatment. A key molecular marker used in in-vivo visualization, characterisation and measurement of biological process in a tumour at the molecular and cellular level is fluorodeoxyglucose, which is the glucose analogue on a combined PET-computer tomography (CT) modality.[2] The innovation involved in combining these modalities has led to improved accuracy in its application in oncology, wherein both information on the morphology and function of a pathological lesion are co-registered. The continual improvements in engineering technology, genomic and bioinformatics are becoming key elements in the study of tumour cellular heterogeneity, which enables more molecular markers to be designed and commercialized.Translation of basic science discoveries into molecular imaging and, thus, application in routine medical and therapeutic care, can be used both to investigate the biological nature of disease in actual patients. It can also be used to portray how these processes may be established to indicate changes in the cellular reprogramming of pathological processes in question. To simulate changes occurring in human cells, the need for in vivo animal models of disease development serves as an impetus for development of new molecular diagnostics and therapeutics, and issues related to new discoveries of disease behaviour in medicine. The translational approach in molecular imaging brings together various scientific innovations, palpably keeping pace with the needs of the personalized medicine era.