Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic analysis of quadrupedal walking in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

The common marmoset has recently gained a great deal of attention as an experimental primate model for biological science and medical research. To use the common marmoset for development of novel treatments and rehabilitation for locomotor disorders, it is crucial to understand fundamental baseline characteristics of locomotion in this species. Therefore, in the present study we performed kinematic and kinetic analyses of quadrupedal locomotion in this animal. A total of 14 common marmosets walking quadrupedally along a walkway were analyzed using synchronized high-speed cameras, with two force platforms set in the walkway. Our results demonstrated that the marmoset uses a lateral sequence walking pattern, in contrast to the macaque and other primates, which usually adopt a diagonal sequence pattern. Furthermore, peak vertical ground reaction force on the forelimb was larger than that on the hindlimb. The rate of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in the common marmoset was much smaller than that in the macaque, indicating that the marmoset generally utilizes bouncing mechanics in locomotion, even though the duty factor is >0.5. This description of locomotor characteristics of intact marmosets may serve as a basis for comparative analyses of changes in gait due to rehabilitation and regenerative treatments.