B S Camara1, A M Delamou1,2, E Diro3, A El Ayadi4, A H Béavogui5, S Sidibé1, F M Grovogui5, K C Takarinda6, D Kolié5, S D Sandouno1, J Okumura7, M D Baldé8, J Van Griensven9, R Zachariah10. 1. Department of Public Health, Gamal University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea. 2. Woman and Child Health Research Centre, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. 3. University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. 4. Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. 5. Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea. 6. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France. 7. Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. 8. Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Gamal University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea. 9. Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. 10. Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels Operational Centre (LuxOR), Luxembourg.
Abstract
Setting: All health centres in Macenta District, rural Guinea. Objective: To compare stock-outs of vaccines, vaccine stock cards and the administration of various childhood vaccines across the pre-Ebola, Ebola and post-Ebola virus disease periods. Design: This was an ecological study. Results: Similar levels of stock-outs were observed for all vaccines (bacille Calmette-Guérin [BCG], pentavalent, polio, measles, yellow fever) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola periods (respectively 2760 and 2706 facility days of stock-outs), with some variation by vaccine. Post-Ebola, there was a 65-fold reduction in stock-outs compared to pre-Ebola. Overall, 24 facility-months of vaccine stock card stock-outs were observed during the pre-Ebola period, which increased to 65 facility-months of stock-outs during the Ebola outbreak period; no such stock-out occurred in the post-Ebola period. Apart from yellow fever and measles, vaccine administration declined universally during the peak outbreak period (August-November 2014). Complete cessation of vaccine administration for BCG and a prominent low for polio (86% decrease) were observed in April 2014, corresponding to vaccine stock-outs. Post-Ebola, overall vaccine administration did not recover to pre-Ebola levels, with the highest gaps seen in polio and pentavalent vaccines, which had shortages of respectively 40% and 38%. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to sustain vaccination activities in Guinea so that they remain resilient and responsive, irrespective of disease outbreaks.
Setting: All health centres in Macenta District, rural Guinea. Objective: To compare stock-outs of vaccines, vaccine stock cards and the administration of various childhood vaccines across the pre-Ebola, Ebola and post-Ebola virus disease periods. Design: This was an ecological study. Results: Similar levels of stock-outs were observed for all vaccines (bacille Calmette-Guérin [BCG], pentavalent, polio, measles, yellow fever) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola periods (respectively 2760 and 2706 facility days of stock-outs), with some variation by vaccine. Post-Ebola, there was a 65-fold reduction in stock-outs compared to pre-Ebola. Overall, 24 facility-months of vaccine stock card stock-outs were observed during the pre-Ebola period, which increased to 65 facility-months of stock-outs during the Ebola outbreak period; no such stock-out occurred in the post-Ebola period. Apart from yellow fever and measles, vaccine administration declined universally during the peak outbreak period (August-November 2014). Complete cessation of vaccine administration for BCG and a prominent low for polio (86% decrease) were observed in April 2014, corresponding to vaccine stock-outs. Post-Ebola, overall vaccine administration did not recover to pre-Ebola levels, with the highest gaps seen in polio and pentavalent vaccines, which had shortages of respectively 40% and 38%. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to sustain vaccination activities in Guinea so that they remain resilient and responsive, irrespective of disease outbreaks.
Entities:
Keywords:
SORT IT; health service utilisation; health systems strengthening; operational research; prevention
Authors: Erik von Elm; Douglas G Altman; Matthias Egger; Stuart J Pocock; Peter C Gøtzsche; Jan P Vandenbroucke Journal: Lancet Date: 2007-10-20 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: J W T Elston; A J Moosa; F Moses; G Walker; N Dotta; R J Waldman; J Wright Journal: J Public Health (Oxf) Date: 2016-12-02 Impact factor: 2.341
Authors: David Leuenberger; Jean Hebelamou; Stefan Strahm; Nathalie De Rekeneire; Eric Balestre; Gilles Wandeler; François Dabis Journal: AIDS Date: 2015-09-10 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Saki Takahashi; C Jessica E Metcalf; Matthew J Ferrari; William J Moss; Shaun A Truelove; Andrew J Tatem; Bryan T Grenfell; Justin Lessler Journal: Science Date: 2015-03-13 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Mateusz M Plucinski; Timothée Guilavogui; Sidibe Sidikiba; Nouman Diakité; Souleymane Diakité; Mohamed Dioubaté; Ibrahima Bah; Ian Hennessee; Jessica K Butts; Eric S Halsey; Peter D McElroy; S Patrick Kachur; Jamila Aboulhab; Richard James; Moussa Keita Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2015-06-23 Impact factor: 25.071
Authors: Alexandre Delamou; Thérèse Delvaux; Alison Marie El Ayadi; Abdoul Habib Beavogui; Junko Okumura; Wim Van Damme; Vincent De Brouwere Journal: BMJ Glob Health Date: 2017-03-16
Authors: Alexandre Delamou; Alison M El Ayadi; Sidikiba Sidibe; Therese Delvaux; Bienvenu S Camara; Sah D Sandouno; Abdoul H Beavogui; Georges W Rutherford; Junko Okumura; Wei-Hong Zhang; Vincent De Brouwere Journal: Lancet Glob Health Date: 2017-02-23 Impact factor: 26.763
Authors: Jonathan Santos Apolonio; Ronaldo Teixeira da Silva Júnior; Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol; Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo; Hanna Santos Marques; Isadora de Souza Barcelos; Luana Kauany de Sá Santos; Luciano Hasimoto Malheiro; Vinícius Lima de Souza Gonçalves; Fabrício Freire de Melo Journal: World J Methodol Date: 2022-09-20
Authors: Delphin Kolie; Bienvenu S Camara; Alexandre Delamou; Abdoul H Béavogui; Veerle Hermans; Jeffrey K Edwards; Guido Benedetti; Claude P Muller; Johan van Griensven; Rony Zachariah Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-02-28 Impact factor: 3.240