Alexis Sentís1, Jordi Sunyer2, Albert Dalmau-Bueno3, Ainara Andiarena4, Ferran Ballester5, Marta Cirach3, Marisa Estarlich6, Ana Fernández-Somoano7, Jesús Ibarluzea8, Carmen Íñiguez5, Aitana Lertxundi9, Adonina Tardón7, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen3, Martine Vrijheid3, Mònica Guxens10. 1. ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit, Parc de Salut Mar - Pompeu Fabra University - Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Spain. 2. ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain. 3. ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. 4. Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian 20080, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain. 5. Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia 46020, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. 6. Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia 46020, Spain. 7. IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias 33006, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. 8. Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian 20080, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain; Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Guipúzkoa, San Sebastián 20013, Spain. 9. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian 20014, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain. 10. ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands. Electronic address: monica.guxens@isglobal.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution has been linked to cognitive impairment in children, but very few studies have assessed its association with attentional function. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and attentional function in children at 4-5years of age. METHODS: We used data from four regions of the Spanish INMA-Environment and Childhood-Project, a population-based birth cohort. Using land-use regression models (LUR), we estimated prenatal and postnatal NO2 levels in all of these regions at the participants' residential addresses. We assessed attentional function using the Kiddie-Conners Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). We combined the region-specific adjusted effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included 1298 children with complete data. Prenatal exposure to NO2 was associated with an impaired standard error of the hit reaction time (HRT(SE)) (increase of 1.12ms [95% CI; 0.22 a 2.02] per 10μg/m3 increase in prenatal NO2) and increased omission errors (6% [95% CI; 1.01 to 1.11] per 10μg/m3 increase in prenatal NO2). Postnatal exposure to NO2 resulted in a similar but borderline significant increase of omission errors (5% [95% CI; =0.99 to 1.11] per 10μg/m3 increase in postnatal NO2). These associations did not vary markedly between regions, and were mainly observed in girls. Commission errors and lower detectability were associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure to NO2 only in some regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that higher exposure to ambient NO2, mainly during pregnancy and to a lesser extent postnatally, is associated with impaired attentional function in children at 4-5years of age.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution has been linked to cognitive impairment in children, but very few studies have assessed its association with attentional function. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and attentional function in children at 4-5years of age. METHODS: We used data from four regions of the Spanish INMA-Environment and Childhood-Project, a population-based birth cohort. Using land-use regression models (LUR), we estimated prenatal and postnatal NO2 levels in all of these regions at the participants' residential addresses. We assessed attentional function using the Kiddie-Conners Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). We combined the region-specific adjusted effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included 1298 children with complete data. Prenatal exposure to NO2 was associated with an impaired standard error of the hit reaction time (HRT(SE)) (increase of 1.12ms [95% CI; 0.22 a 2.02] per 10μg/m3 increase in prenatal NO2) and increased omission errors (6% [95% CI; 1.01 to 1.11] per 10μg/m3 increase in prenatal NO2). Postnatal exposure to NO2 resulted in a similar but borderline significant increase of omission errors (5% [95% CI; =0.99 to 1.11] per 10μg/m3 increase in postnatal NO2). These associations did not vary markedly between regions, and were mainly observed in girls. Commission errors and lower detectability were associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure to NO2 only in some regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that higher exposure to ambient NO2, mainly during pregnancy and to a lesser extent postnatally, is associated with impaired attentional function in children at 4-5years of age.
Authors: Christine T Loftus; Marnie F Hazlehurst; Adam A Szpiro; Yu Ni; Frances A Tylavsky; Nicole R Bush; Sheela Sathyanarayana; Kecia N Carroll; Catherine J Karr; Kaja Z LeWinn Journal: Environ Res Date: 2019-05-24 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Fataha Rahman; Brent A Coull; Kecia N Carroll; Ander Wilson; Allan C Just; Itai Kloog; Xueying Zhang; Rosalind J Wright; Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-12-17 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Yu Ni; Christine T Loftus; Adam A Szpiro; Michael T Young; Marnie F Hazlehurst; Laura E Murphy; Frances A Tylavsky; W Alex Mason; Kaja Z LeWinn; Sheela Sathyanarayana; Emily S Barrett; Nicole R Bush; Catherine J Karr Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2022-06-23 Impact factor: 11.035
Authors: Christine T Loftus; Yu Ni; Adam A Szpiro; Marnie F Hazlehurst; Frances A Tylavsky; Nicole R Bush; Sheela Sathyanarayana; Kecia N Carroll; Michael Young; Catherine J Karr; Kaja Z LeWinn Journal: Environ Res Date: 2019-12-23 Impact factor: 6.498