Motoki Katsube1,2, Shigehito Yamada2,3, Reina Miyazaki3, Yutaka Yamaguchi3, Haruyuki Makishima2, Tetsuya Takakuwa3, Akira Yamamoto4, Yosuke Fujii5, Naoki Morimoto6, Tsuyoshi Ito7,8, Hirohiko Imai9, Shigehiko Suzuki1. 1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 2. Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 3. Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 4. Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 5. Statistical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 6. Department of Zoology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Science, Kyoto, Japan. 7. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan. 8. The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research (K-CONNEX), Kyoto, Japan. 9. Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Disturbance of the development of the nasal septum in the early prenatal period causes congenital facial anomalies characterized by a flat nose and defects of the anterior nasal spine (ANS), such as Binder phenotype. The present research aimed to assess the development of the nasal septum and the ANS with growth in the early prenatal period. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 56 specimens. Mid-sagittal images were analyzed by using geometric morphometrics for the development of the nasal septum, and angle analysis was performed for the development of the ANS. Additionally, we calculated and visualized the ontogenetic allometry of the nasal septum. RESULTS: Our results showed that the nasal septum changed shape in the anteroposterior direction in smaller specimens, while it maintained an almost isometric shape in larger specimens. Furthermore, mathematical evidence revealed that the maturation periods of the shapes of the ANS and the nasal septum were around 12 and 14 weeks of gestation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The anteroposterior development of the nasal septum is specific until 14 weeks of gestation, and it is important for nasal protrusion and the development of the ANS. Therefore, the disturbance of such development could induce low nasal deformity, including Binder phenotype.
OBJECTIVES: Disturbance of the development of the nasal septum in the early prenatal period causes congenital facial anomalies characterized by a flat nose and defects of the anterior nasal spine (ANS), such as Binder phenotype. The present research aimed to assess the development of the nasal septum and the ANS with growth in the early prenatal period. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 56 specimens. Mid-sagittal images were analyzed by using geometric morphometrics for the development of the nasal septum, and angle analysis was performed for the development of the ANS. Additionally, we calculated and visualized the ontogenetic allometry of the nasal septum. RESULTS: Our results showed that the nasal septum changed shape in the anteroposterior direction in smaller specimens, while it maintained an almost isometric shape in larger specimens. Furthermore, mathematical evidence revealed that the maturation periods of the shapes of the ANS and the nasal septum were around 12 and 14 weeks of gestation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The anteroposterior development of the nasal septum is specific until 14 weeks of gestation, and it is important for nasal protrusion and the development of the ANS. Therefore, the disturbance of such development could induce low nasal deformity, including Binder phenotype.
Authors: Motoki Katsube; Sara M Rolfe; Stephanie R Bortolussi; Yutaka Yamaguchi; Joy M Richman; Shigehito Yamada; Siddharth R Vora Journal: Orthod Craniofac Res Date: 2019-05 Impact factor: 1.826