Gunjan Negi1, Swaroopa Ponnada2, N K S Aravind3, Prasad Chitra4. 1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. 2. Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. 3. Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. 4. Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Photogrammetry is a science of making measurements from photographs. As cephalometric analysis till date has focused mainly on skeletal relationships, photogrammetry may provide a means to reliably assess and compare soft tissue and hard tissue measurements. AIM: To compare and correlate linear measurements taken directly from subject's faces and from standardized frontal cephalometric radiographs and to correlate them with standardized frontal facial photographs of Indian population and to obtain mean values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 subjects of Indian origin. Frontal cephalograms and standardized frontal photographs were obtained from subjects in the age group of 18- 25 years. Vernier calipers were used to obtain facial measurements directly. Photographs and radiographs were uploaded and measured using Nemoceph software. Analogous cephalometric, photographic and direct measurements were compared by one-way ANOVA to assess Pearson correlation coefficients for 12 linear measurements (6 vertical, 6 horizontal). Bonferroni post-hoc test was done for pair wise comparison. RESULTS: Among all measurements used, OR-OL (orbitale right-orbitale left) showed a high correlation r = 0.76, 0.70, 0.71. There was moderate correlation with EnR-EnL (endocanthion rt - endocanthion lt) r2 = 0.62, 0.68, 0.68. Highly significant correlation was evident with N-Sn, EnR-EnL and AgR-AgL with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant correlation was found between photographic, radiographic and direct measurements. Therefore, photogrammetry has proven to be an alternative diagnostic tool that can be used in epidemiologic studies when there is a need for a simple, basic, non-invasive and cost-effective method.
INTRODUCTION: Photogrammetry is a science of making measurements from photographs. As cephalometric analysis till date has focused mainly on skeletal relationships, photogrammetry may provide a means to reliably assess and compare soft tissue and hard tissue measurements. AIM: To compare and correlate linear measurements taken directly from subject's faces and from standardized frontal cephalometric radiographs and to correlate them with standardized frontal facial photographs of Indian population and to obtain mean values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 subjects of Indian origin. Frontal cephalograms and standardized frontal photographs were obtained from subjects in the age group of 18- 25 years. Vernier calipers were used to obtain facial measurements directly. Photographs and radiographs were uploaded and measured using Nemoceph software. Analogous cephalometric, photographic and direct measurements were compared by one-way ANOVA to assess Pearson correlation coefficients for 12 linear measurements (6 vertical, 6 horizontal). Bonferroni post-hoc test was done for pair wise comparison. RESULTS: Among all measurements used, OR-OL (orbitale right-orbitale left) showed a high correlation r = 0.76, 0.70, 0.71. There was moderate correlation with EnR-EnL (endocanthion rt - endocanthion lt) r2 = 0.62, 0.68, 0.68. Highly significant correlation was evident with N-Sn, EnR-EnL and AgR-AgL with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant correlation was found between photographic, radiographic and direct measurements. Therefore, photogrammetry has proven to be an alternative diagnostic tool that can be used in epidemiologic studies when there is a need for a simple, basic, non-invasive and cost-effective method.
Authors: Helena O Taylor; Clinton S Morrison; Olivia Linden; Benjamin Phillips; Johnny Chang; Margaret E Byrne; Stephen R Sullivan; Christopher R Forrest Journal: J Craniofac Surg Date: 2014-01 Impact factor: 1.046
Authors: Charles Yat Cheong Yeung; Colman Patrick McGrath; Ricky Wing Kit Wong; Erik Urban Oskar Hägg; John Lo; Yanqi Yang Journal: Head Face Med Date: 2015-08-14 Impact factor: 2.151