Bruno Piassi de São José1, Ricardo de Amorim Corrêa2, Deborah Carvalho Malta3, Valéria Maria de Azeredo Passos2, Elisabeth Barboza França4, Renato Azeredo Teixeira5, Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos6. 1. Faculdade de Medicina do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil. 2. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil. 3. Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil, Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil. 4. Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil. 5. Grupo de Pesquisa em Epidemiologia e Avaliação de Serviços da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil. 6. Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: : The global tobacco epidemic has taken pandemic proportions, with about 1.3 billion users and 6 million annual deaths. This study aimed to analyze the trends in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung, lips, oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus cancer in Brazil between 1990 and 2015. METHODS: : The study was made possible through a partnership between the Metrics and Health Assessment Institute (IHME), University of Washington, Ministry of Health and the GBD Brazil technical group, using estimates from the Global Disease Charge 2015 study. RESULTS: : The mortality rates due to COPD fell; in 1990, it was 64.5/100,000 inhabitants and in 2015, 44.5, a decrease of 31%. For the various types of cancer related to smoking, the decrease was in a lower proportion than for COPD. For lung cancer, rates were 18.7/100,000 inhabitants in 1990 to 18.3 in 2015. For women, there is an upward curve for lung cancer from 1990 to 2015, with an increase of 20.7%. DISCUSSION:: The study points to smoking as a risk factor for premature mortality and disability due to COPD and cancer. The significant reduction in tobacco prevalence in recent decades could explain reductions in tobacco-related disease trends. The higher mortality from lung cancer in women may express the delayed increase in smoking in this gender. CONCLUSION: : Nationwide actions taken in the last decades have had a great effect on reducing mortality from tobacco-related diseases, but there are still major challenges, especially when it comes to women and young people.
INTRODUCTION: : The global tobacco epidemic has taken pandemic proportions, with about 1.3 billion users and 6 million annual deaths. This study aimed to analyze the trends in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung, lips, oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus cancer in Brazil between 1990 and 2015. METHODS: : The study was made possible through a partnership between the Metrics and Health Assessment Institute (IHME), University of Washington, Ministry of Health and the GBD Brazil technical group, using estimates from the Global Disease Charge 2015 study. RESULTS: : The mortality rates due to COPD fell; in 1990, it was 64.5/100,000 inhabitants and in 2015, 44.5, a decrease of 31%. For the various types of cancer related to smoking, the decrease was in a lower proportion than for COPD. For lung cancer, rates were 18.7/100,000 inhabitants in 1990 to 18.3 in 2015. For women, there is an upward curve for lung cancer from 1990 to 2015, with an increase of 20.7%. DISCUSSION:: The study points to smoking as a risk factor for premature mortality and disability due to COPD and cancer. The significant reduction in tobacco prevalence in recent decades could explain reductions in tobacco-related disease trends. The higher mortality from lung cancer in women may express the delayed increase in smoking in this gender. CONCLUSION: : Nationwide actions taken in the last decades have had a great effect on reducing mortality from tobacco-related diseases, but there are still major challenges, especially when it comes to women and young people.