Recent advances in endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is increasingly used as an alternative in patients with biliary obstruction who fail standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The two major endoscopic approach routes for EUS-BD are the transgastric intrahepatic and the transduodenal extrahepatic approaches. Biliary drainage can be achieved by three different methods, transluminal biliary stenting, transpapillary rendezvous technique, and antegrade biliary stenting. Choice of approach route and drainage method depends on individual anatomy, underlying disease, and location of the biliary stricture. Recent meta-analyses have revealed that cumulative technical success and adverse event rates were 90-94% and 16-23%, respectively. Development of new dedicated devices for EUS-BD would help refine the technical aspects and minimize the possibility of complications, making it a more promising procedure.