Revision adenoidectomy in children: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

There is a lack of population-level analysis of revision adenoidectomy in children. This study reveals the revision rates and factors associated with paediatric revision adenoidectomy in Taiwan. From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified all in-hospital children (age <18 years) who underwent adenoidectomy between 2000 and 2007. All children had received at least 5 years of follow-up from the index date, and the clinical records until 2012 were examined. Factors affecting the paediatric revision adenoidectomy were analysed using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 10,396 children were enrolled (mean age 7.3 years; 66% boys; mean follow-up period 8.7 years). Two hundred and seventy-five children underwent revision adenoidectomy, and the mean interval between primary adenoidectomy and revision surgery was 2.97 years. Only 58.5% of children underwent revision surgery at the initial hospital. The incidence of revision surgery was highest in the second year (0.69%), followed by the third year (0.53%) after primary adenoidectomy. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model revealed that young age [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.8], male gender (HR = 1.57), surgery at an eastern hospital (HR = 2.08), surgical indication of adenoid hypertrophy (HR = 1.51), and concurrent ventilation tube insertion (HR = 2.61) or nasal surgeries (HR = 4.84) were associated with revision adenoidectomy. The incidence of revision adenoidectomy in Taiwan was 2.6%. Male gender, young age, concurrent nasal or ventilation tube insertion, and surgery at an eastern hospital increased the risk of revision.