Ian A Dickie1,2, Jennifer L Bufford1, Richard C Cobb3, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau4, Gwen Grelet5, Philip E Hulme1, John Klironomos6, Andreas Makiola1, Martin A Nuñez7, Anne Pringle8, Peter H Thrall9, Samuel G Tourtellot1, Lauren Waller1, Nari M Williams10. 1. Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand. 2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand. 3. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-8751, USA. 4. BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France. 5. Landcare Research, Ecosystems & Global Change, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand. 6. Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada. 7. Grupo de ecología de invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina. 8. Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. 9. CSIRO Agriculture & Food, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. 10. Scion, 49 Sala Street, Fenton Park, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand.
Abstract
Contents 1314 I. 1315 II. 1316 III. 1322 IV. 1323 V. 1325 VI. 1326 VII. 1326 VIII. 1327 1328 References 1328 SUMMARY: Invasions of alien plants are typically studied as invasions of individual species, yet interactions between plants and symbiotic fungi (mutualists and potential pathogens) affect plant survival, physiological traits, and reproduction and hence invasion success. Studies show that plant-fungal associations are frequently key drivers of plant invasion success and impact, but clear conceptual frameworks and integration across studies are needed to move beyond a series of case studies towards a more predictive understanding. Here, we consider linked plant-fungal invasions from the perspective of plant and fungal origin, simplified to the least complex representations or 'motifs'. By characterizing these interaction motifs, parallels in invasion processes between pathogen and mutualist fungi become clear, although the outcomes are often opposite in effect. These interaction motifs provide hypotheses for fungal-driven dynamics behind observed plant invasion trajectories. In some situations, the effects of plant-fungal interactions are inconsistent or negligible. Variability in when and where different interaction motifs matter may be driven by specificity in the plant-fungal interaction, the size of the effect of the symbiosis (negative to positive) on plants and the dependence (obligate to facultative) of the plant-fungal interaction. Linked plant-fungal invasions can transform communities and ecosystem function, with potential for persistent legacies preventing ecosystem restoration.
Contents 1314 I. 1315 II. 1316 III. 1322 IV. 1323 V. 1325 VI. 1326 VII. 1326 VIII. 1327 1328 References 1328 SUMMARY: Invasions of alien plants are typically studied as invasions of individual species, yet interactions between plants and symbiotic fungi (mutualists and potential pathogens) affect plant survival, physiological traits, and reproduction and hence invasion success. Studies show that plant-fungal associations are frequently key drivers of plant invasion success and impact, but clear conceptual frameworks and integration across studies are needed to move beyond a series of case studies towards a more predictive understanding. Here, we consider linked plant-fungal invasions from the perspective of plant and fungal origin, simplified to the least complex representations or 'motifs'. By characterizing these interaction motifs, parallels in invasion processes between pathogen and mutualist fungi become clear, although the outcomes are often opposite in effect. These interaction motifs provide hypotheses for fungal-driven dynamics behind observed plant invasion trajectories. In some situations, the effects of plant-fungal interactions are inconsistent or negligible. Variability in when and where different interaction motifs matter may be driven by specificity in the plant-fungal interaction, the size of the effect of the symbiosis (negative to positive) on plants and the dependence (obligate to facultative) of the plant-fungal interaction. Linked plant-fungal invasions can transform communities and ecosystem function, with potential for persistent legacies preventing ecosystem restoration.
Authors: Madhav P Thakur; Wim H van der Putten; Marleen M P Cobben; Mark van Kleunen; Stefan Geisen Journal: Nat Rev Microbiol Date: 2019-07-26 Impact factor: 60.633