Erica Cassani1, Michela Barichella2, Valentina Ferri2, Giovanna Pinelli3, Laura Iorio2, Carlotta Bolliri2, Serena Caronni2, Samanta A Faierman2, Antonia Mottolese2, Chiara Pusani2, Fatemeh Monajemi2, Marianna Pasqua2, Alessandro Lubisco4, Emanuele Cereda5, Giuseppe Frazzitta6, Maria L Petroni7, Gianni Pezzoli2. 1. Parkinson Institute, ASST G.Pini-CTO, ex ICP, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: erica.cassani@live.it. 2. Parkinson Institute, ASST G.Pini-CTO, ex ICP, Milan, Italy. 3. Parkinson Institute, ASST G.Pini-CTO, ex ICP, Milan, Italy; Department of Parkinson Disease Rehabilitation, Moriggia-Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Fondazione Europea Ricerca Biomedica (FERB), Italy. 4. Department of Statistical Sciences "P. Fortunati", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 5. Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. 6. Department of Parkinson's disease and Brain Injury rehabilitation, Moriggia-Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy. 7. Scientific Coordinator of Osservatorio Grana Padano, Italy.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Our objective is to describe the dietary habits, food preferences and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MeDi) of a large sample of Italian Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients compared to a group of controls. METHODS: Dietary habits of 600 PD patients from throughout Italy and 600 controls matched by gender, age, education, physical activity level and geographical residence, were collected using the ON-GP Food Frequency Questionnaire. Then, we compared patients by disease duration and the presence of swallowing disturbances. RESULTS: Overall, adherence of PD patients (males, 53.8%; mean disease duration, 9.2 ± 7.0 years) to MeDi was similar to controls (score, 4.8 ± 1.7 vs. 4.9 ± 1.6; P = 0.294). Patients consumed less alcohol and fish and drank significantly less water, coffee, and milk which resulted also in lower total fluids intake. On the contrary, they ate more fruit, cooked vegetables, cereals and baked items, more dressings and more sweets in general. Disease duration was associated with increased intake of several food groups but it was not associated with changes in MeDi score (P = 0.721). Patients with swallowing disturbances (n = 72) preferred softer and more viscous food but preferences did not result in differences in dietary pattern. However, patients with dysphagia drank less fluids (P = 0.043). DISCUSSION: PD patients presented different dietary habits and food preferences compared to the general population and adherence to MeDi was not associated with disease duration. Self-reported dysphagia was associated with reduced intake of fluids. These aspects may be amenable to change in order to improve the management of nutritional issues in this patient population.
INTRODUCTION: Our objective is to describe the dietary habits, food preferences and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MeDi) of a large sample of Italian Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients compared to a group of controls. METHODS: Dietary habits of 600 PDpatients from throughout Italy and 600 controls matched by gender, age, education, physical activity level and geographical residence, were collected using the ON-GP Food Frequency Questionnaire. Then, we compared patients by disease duration and the presence of swallowing disturbances. RESULTS: Overall, adherence of PDpatients (males, 53.8%; mean disease duration, 9.2 ± 7.0 years) to MeDi was similar to controls (score, 4.8 ± 1.7 vs. 4.9 ± 1.6; P = 0.294). Patients consumed less alcohol and fish and drank significantly less water, coffee, and milk which resulted also in lower total fluids intake. On the contrary, they ate more fruit, cooked vegetables, cereals and baked items, more dressings and more sweets in general. Disease duration was associated with increased intake of several food groups but it was not associated with changes in MeDi score (P = 0.721). Patients with swallowing disturbances (n = 72) preferred softer and more viscous food but preferences did not result in differences in dietary pattern. However, patients with dysphagia drank less fluids (P = 0.043). DISCUSSION: PDpatients presented different dietary habits and food preferences compared to the general population and adherence to MeDi was not associated with disease duration. Self-reported dysphagia was associated with reduced intake of fluids. These aspects may be amenable to change in order to improve the management of nutritional issues in this patient population.
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