Quantifying public health benefits of environmental strategy of PM2.5 air quality management in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China.

In 2013, China issued "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (Action Plan)" to improve air quality. To assess the benefits of this program in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, where the density of population and emissions vary greatly, we simulated the air quality benefit based on BenMAP to satisfy the Action Plan. In this study, we estimate PM2.5 concentration using Voronoi spatial interpolation method on a grid with a spatial resolution of 1×1km2. Combined with the exposure-response function between PM2.5 concentration and health endpoints, health effects of PM2.5 exposure are analyzed. The economic loss is assessed by using the willingness to pay (WTP) method and human capital (HC) method. When the PM2.5 concentration falls by 25% in BTH and reached 60μg/m3 in Beijing, the avoiding deaths will be in the range of 3175 to 14051 based on different functions each year. Of the estimated mortality attributable to all causes, 3117 annual deaths were due to lung cancer, 1924 - 6318 annual deaths were due to cardiovascular, and 343 - 1697 annual deaths were due to respiratory. Based on WTP, the estimated monetary values for the avoided cases of all cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality and lung cancer ranged from 1110 to 29632, 673 to 13325, 120 to 3579, 1091 to 6574 million yuan, respectively. Based on HC, the corresponding values for the avoided cases of these four mortalities were 267 to 1178, 161 to 529, 29 to 143 and 261 million yuan, respectively.