Baha Abdalhamid1, Nasreldin Elhadi2, Samar Albunayan1, Khaldoon Alsamman2, Reem Aljindan3. 1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, P. O. Box 15215, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, P. O. Box 2435, Saudi Arabia. 3. Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, P. O. Box 2208, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The resistance determinants for carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were characterized in 16 extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (XDRKPN) strains collected from Saudi hospitals during 2014. METHODOLOGY: PCR and sequencing were used to detect: blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP-1,blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV and ampC for β-lactam resistance; qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA and mutations of gyrA and parC for fluoroquinolone resistance; and aacA4, aacC2, aadA1, aphA6, armA and rmtB for aminoglycoside resistance. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based PCR was performed to detect the clonal relatedness. RESULTS: All isolates encoded blaCTX-M, aacC2 and aphA6, together with mutations in gyrA and parC. blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, aadA1, aacA4, qnrB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA and/or rmtB were detected in different strains. At least 93.2 % clonal relatedness was detected among these strains. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report describing XDRKPN encoding at least seven resistance determinants and harbouring methyltransferases in Saudi Arabia.
PURPOSE: The resistance determinants for carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were characterized in 16 extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (XDRKPN) strains collected from Saudi hospitals during 2014. METHODOLOGY: PCR and sequencing were used to detect: blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP-1,blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV and ampC for β-lactam resistance; qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA and mutations of gyrA and parC for fluoroquinolone resistance; and aacA4, aacC2, aadA1, aphA6, armA and rmtB for aminoglycoside resistance. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based PCR was performed to detect the clonal relatedness. RESULTS: All isolates encoded blaCTX-M, aacC2 and aphA6, together with mutations in gyrA and parC. blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, aadA1, aacA4, qnrB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA and/or rmtB were detected in different strains. At least 93.2 % clonal relatedness was detected among these strains. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report describing XDRKPN encoding at least seven resistance determinants and harbouring methyltransferases in Saudi Arabia.