D Apolinário1, A I Ribeiro2, E Krainski3, P Sousa4, M Abranches5, R Duarte6. 1. Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real. 2. EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 3. Department of Statistics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 4. EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto. 5. Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto. 6. EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Chest Disease Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the geographical distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Portugal and estimate the association between TB and socio-economic deprivation. METHODS: An ecological study at the municipality level using TB notifications for 2010-2014 was conducted. Spatial Bayesian models were used to calculate smoothed standardised notification rates, identify high- and low-risk areas and estimate the association between TB notification and the European Deprivation Index (EDI) for Portugal and its component variables. RESULTS: Standardised notification rates ranged from 4.41 to 76.44 notifications per 100 000 population. Forty-one high-risk and 156 low-risk municipalities were identified. There was no statistically significant association between TB notification rate and the EDI, but some of its variables, such as the proportion of manual workers and the percentage unemployed, were significantly and directly associated with TB notification, whereas the variable 'proportion of residents with low education level' showed an inverse relationship. CONCLUSION: Wide inequalities in TB notification rates were observed, and some areas continued to exhibit high TB notification rates. We found significant associations between TB and some socio-economic factors of the EDI.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the geographical distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Portugal and estimate the association between TB and socio-economic deprivation. METHODS: An ecological study at the municipality level using TB notifications for 2010-2014 was conducted. Spatial Bayesian models were used to calculate smoothed standardised notification rates, identify high- and low-risk areas and estimate the association between TB notification and the European Deprivation Index (EDI) for Portugal and its component variables. RESULTS: Standardised notification rates ranged from 4.41 to 76.44 notifications per 100 000 population. Forty-one high-risk and 156 low-risk municipalities were identified. There was no statistically significant association between TB notification rate and the EDI, but some of its variables, such as the proportion of manual workers and the percentage unemployed, were significantly and directly associated with TB notification, whereas the variable 'proportion of residents with low education level' showed an inverse relationship. CONCLUSION: Wide inequalities in TB notification rates were observed, and some areas continued to exhibit high TB notification rates. We found significant associations between TB and some socio-economic factors of the EDI.
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