K M Scott1, K C Koenen2, A King3, M V Petukhova3, J Alonso4, E J Bromet5, R Bruffaerts6, B Bunting7, P de Jonge8, J M Haro9, E G Karam10, S Lee11, M E Medina-Mora12, F Navarro-Mateu13, N A Sampson3, V Shahly3, D J Stein14, Y Torres15, A M Zaslavsky3, R C Kessler3. 1. Department of Psychological Medicine,University of Otago,Dunedin, Otago,New Zealand. 2. Department of Epidemiology,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,Boston, Massachusetts,USA. 3. Department of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts,USA. 4. Health Services Research Unit,IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Barcelona,Spain. 5. Department of Psychiatry,Stony Brook University School of Medicine,Stony Brook, New York,USA. 6. Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg,Leuven,Belgium. 7. School of Psychology, Ulster University,Londonderry,Northern Ireland. 8. Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands. 9. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain. 10. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine,Balamand University,Beirut,Lebanon. 11. Department of Psychiatry,Chinese University of Hong Kong,Tai Po,Hong Kong. 12. National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente,Mexico, D.F.,Mexico. 13. IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERESP-Murcia, Subdirección General de Salud Mental y Asistencia Psiquiátrica, Servicio Murciano de Salud, El Palmar (Murcia),Murcia,Spain. 14. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health,University of Cape Town,Cape Town,Republic of South Africa. 15. Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University,Medellin,Colombia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexual assault is a global concern with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the common sequelae. Early intervention can help prevent PTSD, making identification of those at high risk for the disorder a priority. Lack of representative sampling of both sexual assault survivors and sexual assaults in prior studies might have reduced the ability to develop accurate prediction models for early identification of high-risk sexual assault survivors. METHODS: Data come from 12 face-to-face, cross-sectional surveys of community-dwelling adults conducted in 11 countries. Analysis was based on the data from the 411 women from these surveys for whom sexual assault was the randomly selected lifetime traumatic event (TE). Seven classes of predictors were assessed: socio-demographics, characteristics of the assault, the respondent's retrospective perception that she could have prevented the assault, other prior lifetime TEs, exposure to childhood family adversities and prior mental disorders. RESULTS: Prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) PTSD associated with randomly selected sexual assaults was 20.2%. PTSD was more common for repeated than single-occurrence victimization and positively associated with prior TEs and childhood adversities. Respondent's perception that she could have prevented the assault interacted with history of mental disorder such that it reduced odds of PTSD, but only among women without prior disorders (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.9). The final model estimated that 40.3% of women with PTSD would be found among the 10% with the highest predicted risk. CONCLUSIONS: Whether counterfactual preventability cognitions are adaptive may depend on mental health history. Predictive modelling may be useful in targeting high-risk women for preventive interventions.
BACKGROUND: Sexual assault is a global concern with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the common sequelae. Early intervention can help prevent PTSD, making identification of those at high risk for the disorder a priority. Lack of representative sampling of both sexual assault survivors and sexual assaults in prior studies might have reduced the ability to develop accurate prediction models for early identification of high-risk sexual assault survivors. METHODS: Data come from 12 face-to-face, cross-sectional surveys of community-dwelling adults conducted in 11 countries. Analysis was based on the data from the 411 women from these surveys for whom sexual assault was the randomly selected lifetime traumatic event (TE). Seven classes of predictors were assessed: socio-demographics, characteristics of the assault, the respondent's retrospective perception that she could have prevented the assault, other prior lifetime TEs, exposure to childhood family adversities and prior mental disorders. RESULTS: Prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) PTSD associated with randomly selected sexual assaults was 20.2%. PTSD was more common for repeated than single-occurrence victimization and positively associated with prior TEs and childhood adversities. Respondent's perception that she could have prevented the assault interacted with history of mental disorder such that it reduced odds of PTSD, but only among women without prior disorders (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.9). The final model estimated that 40.3% of women with PTSD would be found among the 10% with the highest predicted risk. CONCLUSIONS: Whether counterfactual preventability cognitions are adaptive may depend on mental health history. Predictive modelling may be useful in targeting high-risk women for preventive interventions.
Entities:
Keywords:
PTSD; Post-traumatic stress disorder; sexual assault
Authors: Yoichiro Takayanagi; Adam P Spira; Kimberly B Roth; Joseph J Gallo; William W Eaton; Ramin Mojtabai Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2014-03 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: C Benjet; E Bromet; E G Karam; R C Kessler; K A McLaughlin; A M Ruscio; V Shahly; D J Stein; M Petukhova; E Hill; J Alonso; L Atwoli; B Bunting; R Bruffaerts; J M Caldas-de-Almeida; G de Girolamo; S Florescu; O Gureje; Y Huang; J P Lepine; N Kawakami; Viviane Kovess-Masfety; M E Medina-Mora; F Navarro-Mateu; M Piazza; J Posada-Villa; K M Scott; A Shalev; T Slade; M ten Have; Y Torres; M C Viana; Z Zarkov; K C Koenen Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2015-10-29 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: Josep Maria Haro; Saena Arbabzadeh-Bouchez; Traolach S Brugha; Giovanni de Girolamo; Margaret E Guyer; Robert Jin; Jean Pierre Lepine; Fausto Mazzi; Blanca Reneses; Gemma Vilagut; Nancy A Sampson; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2006 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Milagros Molero-Zafra; María Teresa Mitjans-Lafont; María Jesús Hernández-Jiménez; Marián Pérez-Marín Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-06-17 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Kevin M Crombie; Marisa C Ross; Allison M Letkiewicz; Anneliis Sartin-Tarm; Josh M Cisler Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-01-19 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Nicole Doria; Christine Ausman; Susan Wilson; Annalisa Consalvo; Jad Sinno; Leah Boulos; Matthew Numer Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2021-12-30 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Kevin M Crombie; Anneliis Sartin-Tarm; Kyrie Sellnow; Rachel Ahrenholtz; Sierra Lee; Megan Matalamaki; Neda E Almassi; Cecilia J Hillard; Kelli F Koltyn; Tom G Adams; Josh M Cisler Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2021-07-09 Impact factor: 4.693