Vasileios Korakakis1, Giannis Giakas2, Vasilis Sideris2, Rodney Whiteley3. 1. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Hellenic Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy Diploma (HOMTD), Athens, Greece. Electronic address: vkorakakis@hotmail.com. 2. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece. 3. Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sustained spinal flexion has been proposed to affect the properties of spinal tissues, increase postural muscle's activation latency and act detrimentally on proprioception. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of flexed posture (FP) on spinal proprioception and assessed the immediate effect of spinal movement on the presumable flexion-induced proprioceptive deficit. DESIGN: Clinical measurement study. METHODS: Marker-based kinematic analyses of the head, spine, and pelvis were conducted on 50 individuals. Subjects were educated in a lordotic sitting posture (IOSP) that they reproduced immediately; after 10 and 30 min in FP; and after sagittal spinal movement. Nine sagittal angles were calculated. Absolute error (AE) and constant error (CE) were used to evaluate repositioning accuracy. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in angles obtained among postures, as well as for the AE and CE calculated from the trials. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in reposition error (RE) after immediate reproduction of IOSP (all p > 0.0083). Following FP AEs presented significant differences for head (4.1°), head protraction (1.9°), head tilt (2.1°), lumbar (3.2°) and pelvis angle (2.1°). CEs revealed significant differences for head protraction (-1.8°) and lumbar angle (-3.5°). No significant differences were found for AE and CE after spinal sagittal movement (all p > 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged FP can affect spinal position sense, but sagittal spinal movement can abolish the proprioceptive deficit. The significant differences documented, may be of limited clinical utility given their magnitude, and the reliability data presented may be of use in reinterpreting previously documented proprioceptive analyses.
BACKGROUND: Sustained spinal flexion has been proposed to affect the properties of spinal tissues, increase postural muscle's activation latency and act detrimentally on proprioception. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of flexed posture (FP) on spinal proprioception and assessed the immediate effect of spinal movement on the presumable flexion-induced proprioceptive deficit. DESIGN: Clinical measurement study. METHODS: Marker-based kinematic analyses of the head, spine, and pelvis were conducted on 50 individuals. Subjects were educated in a lordotic sitting posture (IOSP) that they reproduced immediately; after 10 and 30 min in FP; and after sagittal spinal movement. Nine sagittal angles were calculated. Absolute error (AE) and constant error (CE) were used to evaluate repositioning accuracy. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in angles obtained among postures, as well as for the AE and CE calculated from the trials. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in reposition error (RE) after immediate reproduction of IOSP (all p > 0.0083). Following FP AEs presented significant differences for head (4.1°), head protraction (1.9°), head tilt (2.1°), lumbar (3.2°) and pelvis angle (2.1°). CEs revealed significant differences for head protraction (-1.8°) and lumbar angle (-3.5°). No significant differences were found for AE and CE after spinal sagittal movement (all p > 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged FP can affect spinal position sense, but sagittal spinal movement can abolish the proprioceptive deficit. The significant differences documented, may be of limited clinical utility given their magnitude, and the reliability data presented may be of use in reinterpreting previously documented proprioceptive analyses.