IMPORTANCE: There is limited literature on lifestyle and health factors related to primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Asians. BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association of primary open-angle glaucoma with smoking, health and ocular factors amongst Chinese Singaporeans. DESIGN: Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: The study used 711 primary open-angle glaucoma patients from a Singapore hospital and 2788 population-based controls. METHODS: Subjects underwent clinical examination and completed a questionnaire with details on family history of glaucoma, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol consumption. Glaucoma cases were subclassified as normal or high-tension glaucoma according to their untreated intraocular pressures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The association of various health and lifestyle factors, with normal-tension and high-tension glaucoma was evaluated. RESULTS: Using multiple logistic regression, primary open-angle glaucoma was associated with older age (odds ratio 1.12 per year older; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.15; P < 0.001), family history of glaucoma (odds ratio 7.86; 95% confidence interval 4.48-13.79; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (odds ratio 1.75 per 1 mmHg; 95% confidence interval 1.64-1.87; P < 0.001) and thinner central corneal thickness (odds ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.02; P < 0.001). Myopes were more likely to have primary open-angle glaucoma (P < 0.001). A current smoking habit was protective against normal-tension glaucoma (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.92; P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Older age, family history of glaucoma, higher intraocular pressure, thinner central corneal thickness and myopia were significantly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans.
IMPORTANCE: There is limited literature on lifestyle and health factors related to primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Asians. BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association of primary open-angle glaucoma with smoking, health and ocular factors amongst Chinese Singaporeans. DESIGN: Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: The study used 711 primary open-angle glaucomapatients from a Singapore hospital and 2788 population-based controls. METHODS: Subjects underwent clinical examination and completed a questionnaire with details on family history of glaucoma, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol consumption. Glaucoma cases were subclassified as normal or high-tension glaucoma according to their untreated intraocular pressures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The association of various health and lifestyle factors, with normal-tension and high-tension glaucoma was evaluated. RESULTS: Using multiple logistic regression, primary open-angle glaucoma was associated with older age (odds ratio 1.12 per year older; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.15; P < 0.001), family history of glaucoma (odds ratio 7.86; 95% confidence interval 4.48-13.79; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (odds ratio 1.75 per 1 mmHg; 95% confidence interval 1.64-1.87; P < 0.001) and thinner central corneal thickness (odds ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.02; P < 0.001). Myopes were more likely to have primary open-angle glaucoma (P < 0.001). A current smoking habit was protective against normal-tension glaucoma (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.92; P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Older age, family history of glaucoma, higher intraocular pressure, thinner central corneal thickness and myopia were significantly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans.
Authors: Kelsey V Stuart; Kian Madjedi; Robert N Luben; Sharon Y L Chua; Alasdair N Warwick; Mark Chia; Louis R Pasquale; Janey L Wiggs; Jae H Kang; Pirro G Hysi; Jessica H Tran; Paul J Foster; Anthony P Khawaja Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2022-01-31 Impact factor: 14.277