Purification and characterization of glutamate decarboxylase from Solanum tuberosum.

Glutamate decarboxylase has been purified from potato tubers. The final preparation was homogeneous as judged from native and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 gave a relative molecular mass Mr, of 91 000 for the native enzyme. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave a subunit Mr of 43 000. Thus the enzyme appears to be a dimer of identical subunits. It has 2 mol pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol protein, which could not be removed by exhaustive dialysis or gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. The enzyme has an absorption maximum at 370 nm in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 5.8. Reduction of the enzyme with sodium borohydride abolished the absorption maximum at 370 nm with attendant loss of catalytic activity. The enzyme exhibited pH-dependent spectral changes. The enzyme was specific for L-glutamate and could not decarboxylate other amino acids tested. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 5.8 and a temperature of 37 degrees C. Isoelectric focussing gave a pI of 4.7 Km values for L-glutamate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were 5.6 mM and 2 microM respectively. Thiol-directed reagents and heavy metal ions inhibited the enzyme, indicating that an -SH group is required for activity. The nature of the functional groups at the active site of the enzyme was inferred from competitive inhibition studies. L-Glutamate promoted inactivation of the enzyme caused by decarboxylation-dependent transamination was demonstrated. The characteristics of potato enzyme were compared with enzyme from other sources.