Kamlesh Khunti1, Saud Alsifri2, Ronnie Aronson3, Maja Cigrovski Berković4, Catherine Enters-Weijnen5, Tom Forsén6, Gagik Galstyan7, Petronella Geelhoed-Duijvestijn8, Margalit Goldfracht9, Helge Gydesen10, Rahul Kapur11, Nebojsa Lalic12, Bernhard Ludvik13, Erik Moberg14, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard15, Ambady Ramachandran16. 1. Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK. Electronic address: kk22@le.ac.uk. 2. Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: saudnafa@hotmail.com. 3. LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology, 1929 Bayview Ave, Suite 107, Toronto, ON M4G 3E8, Canada. Electronic address: Ronnie.Aronson@LMC.CA. 4. University Hospital 'Sestre milosrdnice', Vinogradska cesta 29, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Electronic address: maja.cigrovskiberkovic@gmail.com. 5. Julius Clinical/Julius Center, UMC Utrecht, Broederplein 41, Zeist 3703 CD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: entersweijnen@juliusclinical.com. 6. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, Helsinki 00100, Finland. Electronic address: tom.forsen@fimnet.fi. 7. Endocrinology Research Center, 1 Dmitriya Ulyanova str., Moscow 117036, Russian Federation; I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: mariagrishina2006@yandex.ru. 8. Medical Center Haaglanden, Westeinde Hospital, Lijnbaan 32, 2501 CK The Hague, The Netherlands. Electronic address: nel@icta3.com. 9. Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, and The Technion, 101 Arlozorov, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: goldfrac@atcom.co.il. 10. Novo Nordisk A/S, Vandtårnsvej 112, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark. Electronic address: hgy@novonordisk.com. 11. Novo Nordisk A/S, Vandtårnsvej 112, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark. Electronic address: RAHK@novonordisk.com. 12. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia. Electronic address: nmlalic@eunet.rs. 13. Rudolfstiftung Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: bernhard.ludvik@wienkav.at. 14. Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Erik.Moberg@karolinska.se. 15. Nordsjællands Hospital Hillerød, Dyrehavevej 29, Hillerød 3400, Denmark. Electronic address: Ulrik.Pedersen-Bjergaard@regionh.dk. 16. India Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr A Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, 110, Anna Salai, Guindy, Chennai 600032, India. Electronic address: ramachandran@vsnl.com.
Abstract
AIMS: Data on the impact of hypoglycaemia on patients' daily lives and diabetes self-management, particularly in developing countries, are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess fear of, and responses to, hypoglycaemia experienced by patients globally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This non-interventional, multicentre, 4-week prospective study using self-assessment questionnaires and patient diaries consisted of 27,585 patients, ≥18years, with type 1 diabetes (n=8022) or type 2 diabetes (n=19,563) treated with insulin for >12months, at 2004 sites in 24 countries worldwide. RESULTS: Increased blood glucose monitoring (69.7%) and seeking medical assistance (62.0%) were the most common responses in the 4weeks following hypoglycaemic events for patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Approximately 44% of patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes increased calorie intake in response to a hypoglycaemic episode. Following hypoglycaemia, 3.9% (type 1 diabetes) and 6.2% (type 2 diabetes) of patients took leave from work or study. Regional differences in fear of, and responses to, hypoglycaemia were evident - in particular, a lower level of hypoglycaemic fear and utilisation of healthcare resources in Northern Europe and Canada. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoglycaemia has a major impact on patients and their behaviour. These global data for the first time reveal regional variations in response to hypoglycaemia and highlight the importance of patient education and management strategies.
AIMS: Data on the impact of hypoglycaemia on patients' daily lives and diabetes self-management, particularly in developing countries, are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess fear of, and responses to, hypoglycaemia experienced by patients globally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This non-interventional, multicentre, 4-week prospective study using self-assessment questionnaires and patient diaries consisted of 27,585 patients, ≥18years, with type 1 diabetes (n=8022) or type 2 diabetes (n=19,563) treated with insulin for >12months, at 2004 sites in 24 countries worldwide. RESULTS: Increased blood glucose monitoring (69.7%) and seeking medical assistance (62.0%) were the most common responses in the 4weeks following hypoglycaemic events for patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Approximately 44% of patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes increased calorie intake in response to a hypoglycaemic episode. Following hypoglycaemia, 3.9% (type 1 diabetes) and 6.2% (type 2 diabetes) of patients took leave from work or study. Regional differences in fear of, and responses to, hypoglycaemia were evident - in particular, a lower level of hypoglycaemic fear and utilisation of healthcare resources in Northern Europe and Canada. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoglycaemia has a major impact on patients and their behaviour. These global data for the first time reveal regional variations in response to hypoglycaemia and highlight the importance of patient education and management strategies.
Authors: Shuang Li; Li Fang; Amanda Lee; Mark Hayter; Lu Zhang; Yaxin Bi; Xiaxin Wu; Lin Liu; Hong Zhang; Yuan Yuan; Weijuan Gong; Yu Zhang Journal: Nurs Open Date: 2021-02-19
Authors: Saskia de Groot; Catherine F Enters-Weijnen; Petronella H Geelhoed-Duijvestijn; Tim A Kanters Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2018-03-25 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Lue Ping Zhao; George K Papadopoulos; William W Kwok; Antonis K Moustakas; George P Bondinas; Helena Elding Larsson; Johnny Ludvigsson; Claude Marcus; Ulf Samuelsson; Ruihan Wang; Chul-Woo Pyo; Wyatt C Nelson; Daniel E Geraghty; Åke Lernmark Journal: Diabetes Date: 2020-04-03 Impact factor: 9.461