Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt1, Stefanie Hertel2, Stephan Pflugmacher2,3. 1. Institute for Biotechnology, Chair of Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587, Berlin, Germany. esterhuizen-londt@tu-berlin.de. 2. Institute for Biotechnology, Chair of Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587, Berlin, Germany. 3. Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Campus 7.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the remediation efficiency of Mucor hiemalis by comparing media elimination, uptake, and biotransformation of microcystin-LR with exposure to pure toxin versus a crude bloom extract. RESULTS: With exposure to the extract, the elimination rate of microcystin-LR from the media, which was 0.28 ng MC-LR l-1 h-1, was significantly higher compared to that achieved with exposure to the pure toxin (0.16 ng MC-LR l-1 h-1) after 24 h. However, intracellular breakdown of microcystin-LR was significantly lower in the extract exposed pellets compared to the pure toxin treated fungal pellets over time. This coincided with reduced intracellular glutathione S-transferase activity with crude extract exposure which could be responsible for the detection of only the glutathione conjugate of microcystin-LR. CONCLUSION: This paper signifies the importance of using laboratory exposure scenarios which resemble conditions in nature to fully understand and evaluate remediation efficiency. There is merit in using M. hiemalis for mycoremediation of cyanotoxins in surface waters.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the remediation efficiency of Mucor hiemalis by comparing media elimination, uptake, and biotransformation of microcystin-LR with exposure to pure toxin versus a crude bloom extract. RESULTS: With exposure to the extract, the elimination rate of microcystin-LR from the media, which was 0.28 ng MC-LR l-1 h-1, was significantly higher compared to that achieved with exposure to the pure toxin (0.16 ng MC-LR l-1 h-1) after 24 h. However, intracellular breakdown of microcystin-LR was significantly lower in the extract exposed pellets compared to the pure toxin treated fungal pellets over time. This coincided with reduced intracellular glutathione S-transferase activity with crude extract exposure which could be responsible for the detection of only the glutathione conjugate of microcystin-LR. CONCLUSION: This paper signifies the importance of using laboratory exposure scenarios which resemble conditions in nature to fully understand and evaluate remediation efficiency. There is merit in using M. hiemalis for mycoremediation of cyanotoxins in surface waters.