Cansu G Genç1, Anneke P Jilesen1, Stefano Partelli2, Massimo Falconi2, Francesca Muffatti2, Folkert J van Kemenade3, Susanne van Eeden4, Joanne Verheij4, Susan van Dieren5, Casper H J van Eijck6, Elisabeth J M Nieveen van Dijkum1. 1. Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Research Institute, Scientific Institute San Raffaelle Hospital & University Vita e Salute, Milano, Italy. 3. Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 4. Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 5. Department of Methodology and Statistic CRU, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 6. Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to predict recurrence in patients with grade 1 or 2 nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNET) after curative resection. BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for NF-pNET; however, recurrence occurs frequently after curative surgery, worsening prognosis of patients. METHODS: Retrospectively, patients with NF-pNET of 3 institutions were included. Patients with distant metastases, hereditary syndromes, or grade 3 tumors were excluded. Local or distant tumor recurrence was scored. Independent predictors for survival and recurrence were identified using Cox-regression analysis. The recurrence score was developed to predict recurrence within 5 years after curative resection of grade 1 to 2 NF-pNET. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 51 months, 211 patients with grade 1 to 2 NF-pNET were included. Thirty-five patients (17%) developed recurrence. The 5- and 10-year disease-specific/overall survival was 98%/91% and 84%/68%, respectively. Predictors for recurrence were tumor grade 2, lymph node metastasis, and perineural invasion. On the basis of these predictors, the recurrence score was made. Discrimination [c-statistic 0.81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.75-0.87] and calibration (Hosmer Lemeshow Chi-square 11.25, P = 0.258) indicated that the ability of the recurrence score to identify patients at risk for recurrence is good. CONCLUSIONS: This new scoring system could predict recurrence after curative resection of grade 1 and 2 NF-pNET. With the use of the recurrence score, less extensive follow-up could be proposed for patients with low recurrence risk. For high-risk patients, clinical trials should be initiated to investigate whether adjuvant therapy might be beneficial. External validation is ongoing due to limited availability of adequate cohorts.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to predict recurrence in patients with grade 1 or 2 nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNET) after curative resection. BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for NF-pNET; however, recurrence occurs frequently after curative surgery, worsening prognosis of patients. METHODS: Retrospectively, patients with NF-pNET of 3 institutions were included. Patients with distant metastases, hereditary syndromes, or grade 3 tumors were excluded. Local or distant tumor recurrence was scored. Independent predictors for survival and recurrence were identified using Cox-regression analysis. The recurrence score was developed to predict recurrence within 5 years after curative resection of grade 1 to 2 NF-pNET. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 51 months, 211 patients with grade 1 to 2 NF-pNET were included. Thirty-five patients (17%) developed recurrence. The 5- and 10-year disease-specific/overall survival was 98%/91% and 84%/68%, respectively. Predictors for recurrence were tumor grade 2, lymph node metastasis, and perineural invasion. On the basis of these predictors, the recurrence score was made. Discrimination [c-statistic 0.81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.75-0.87] and calibration (Hosmer Lemeshow Chi-square 11.25, P = 0.258) indicated that the ability of the recurrence score to identify patients at risk for recurrence is good. CONCLUSIONS: This new scoring system could predict recurrence after curative resection of grade 1 and 2 NF-pNET. With the use of the recurrence score, less extensive follow-up could be proposed for patients with low recurrence risk. For high-risk patients, clinical trials should be initiated to investigate whether adjuvant therapy might be beneficial. External validation is ongoing due to limited availability of adequate cohorts.
Authors: James R Howe; Nipun B Merchant; Claudius Conrad; Xavier M Keutgen; Julie Hallet; Jeffrey A Drebin; Rebecca M Minter; Terry C Lairmore; Jennifer F Tseng; Herbert J Zeh; Steven K Libutti; Gagandeep Singh; Jeffrey E Lee; Thomas A Hope; Michelle K Kim; Yusuf Menda; Thorvardur R Halfdanarson; Jennifer A Chan; Rodney F Pommier Journal: Pancreas Date: 2020-01 Impact factor: 3.327
Authors: Masayuki Tanaka; Max Heckler; André L Mihaljevic; Pascal Probst; Ulla Klaiber; Ulrike Heger; Simon Schimmack; Markus W Büchler; Thilo Hackert Journal: Ann Surg Oncol Date: 2020-07-27 Impact factor: 5.344
Authors: Alexander V Fisher; Alexandra G Lopez-Aguiar; Victoria R Rendell; Courtney Pokrzywa; Flavio G Rocha; Zaheer S Kanji; George A Poultsides; Eleftherios A Makris; Mary E Dillhoff; Eliza W Beal; Ryan C Fields; Roheena Z Panni; Kamran Idrees; Paula Marincola Smith; Clifford S Cho; Megan V Beems; Shishir K Maithel; Emily R Winslow; Daniel E Abbott; Sharon M Weber Journal: J Gastrointest Surg Date: 2019-01-18 Impact factor: 3.452