Gerard Blasco1,2, José Maria Moreno-Navarrete3,4, Mireia Rivero5, Vicente Pérez-Brocal6,7,8, Josep Garre-Olmo9, Josep Puig1,2, Pepus Daunis-I-Estadella10, Carles Biarnés2, Jordi Gich4, Fernando Fernández-Aranda11, Ángel Alberich-Bayarri12, Andrés Moya6,7,8, Salvador Pedraza2, Wifredo Ricart3,4, Miguel López13,14, Manuel Portero-Otin15, José-Manuel Fernandez-Real3,4. 1. Research Unit, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona 08023, Spain. 2. Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain. 3. Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona 17007, Spain. 4. Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona 17007, Spain. 5. Neurology Department, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta. Girona 17007, Spain. 6. Genomics and Health Area of the Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salud Pública, Valencia 46020, Spain. 7. Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia 46980, Spain. 8. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain. 9. Research Group on Aging, Disability and Health, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17007, Spain. 10. Department of Computer Science, Applied Mathematics, and Statistics, University of Girona. Girona 17004, Spain. 11. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical ResearchInstitute (IDIBELL), CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08908, Spain. 12. Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), QUantitative Imaging Biomarkers In Medicine (QUIBIM SL), La Fe Polytechnics and University Hospital, La Fe Health ResearchInstitute, Valencia 46026, Spain. 13. NeurObesity Group; Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain. 14. CIBERObn, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain. 15. Nutren Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida) and Agroalimentary Science and Technology Park (PCiTAL)-University of Lleida, Lleida 25003, Spain.
Abstract
Context: Microbiota perturbations seem to exert modulatory effects on emotional behavior, stress-, and pain-modulation systems in adult animals; however, limited information is available in humans. Objective: To study potential relationships among the gut metagenome, brain microstructure, and cognitive performance in middle-aged, apparently healthy, obese and nonobese subjects after weight changes. Design: This is a longitudinal study over a 2-year period. Setting: A tertiary public hospital. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-five (18 obese) apparently healthy subjects. Intervention(s): Diet counseling was provided to all subjects. Obese subjects were followed every 6 months. Main Outcome Measure(s): Brain relaxometry (using magnetic resonance R2*), cognitive performance (by means of cognitive tests), and gut microbiome composition (shotgun). Results: R2* increased in both obese and nonobese subjects, independent of weight variations. Changes in waist circumference, but not in body mass index, were associated with brain iron deposition (R2*) in the striatum, amygdala, and hippocampus in parallel to visual-spatial constructional ability and circulating beta amyloid Aβ42 levels. These changes were linked to shifts in gut microbiome in which the relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Caldiserica and Thermodesulfobacteria phyla were reciprocally associated with raised R2* in different brain nuclei. Of note, the increase in bacteria belonging to Tenericutes phylum was parallel to decreased R2* gain in the striatum, serum Aβ42 levels, and spared visual-spatial constructional ability. Interestingly, metagenome functions associated with circulating and brain iron stores are involved in bacterial generation of siderophores. Conclusions: Changes in the gut metagenome are associated longitudinally with cognitive function and brain iron deposition.
Context: Microbiota perturbations seem to exert modulatory effects on emotional behavior, stress-, and pain-modulation systems in adult animals; however, limited information is available in humans. Objective: To study potential relationships among the gut metagenome, brain microstructure, and cognitive performance in middle-aged, apparently healthy, obese and nonobese subjects after weight changes. Design: This is a longitudinal study over a 2-year period. Setting: A tertiary public hospital. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-five (18 obese) apparently healthy subjects. Intervention(s): Diet counseling was provided to all subjects. Obese subjects were followed every 6 months. Main Outcome Measure(s): Brain relaxometry (using magnetic resonance R2*), cognitive performance (by means of cognitive tests), and gut microbiome composition (shotgun). Results: R2* increased in both obese and nonobese subjects, independent of weight variations. Changes in waist circumference, but not in body mass index, were associated with brain iron deposition (R2*) in the striatum, amygdala, and hippocampus in parallel to visual-spatial constructional ability and circulating beta amyloid Aβ42 levels. These changes were linked to shifts in gut microbiome in which the relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Caldiserica and Thermodesulfobacteria phyla were reciprocally associated with raised R2* in different brain nuclei. Of note, the increase in bacteria belonging to Tenericutes phylum was parallel to decreased R2* gain in the striatum, serum Aβ42 levels, and spared visual-spatial constructional ability. Interestingly, metagenome functions associated with circulating and brain iron stores are involved in bacterial generation of siderophores. Conclusions: Changes in the gut metagenome are associated longitudinally with cognitive function and brain iron deposition.
Authors: Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs; José María Moreno-Navarrete; José Manuel Fernández-Real Journal: Nat Rev Endocrinol Date: 2022-08-19 Impact factor: 47.564
Authors: M Camacho; A D Macleod; J Maple-Grødem; J R Evans; D P Breen; G Cummins; R S Wijeyekoon; J C Greenland; G Alves; O B Tysnes; R A Lawson; R A Barker; C H Williams-Gray Journal: NPJ Parkinsons Dis Date: 2021-05-26