p53 protein expression in patients with myelodysplasia treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Tumor protein 53 mutations adversely affect the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); however, few studies have reported on the prognostic significance of the expression of p53 protein in MDS. The current study investigated p53 immunoreactivity (p53-IR) in bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) obtained at diagnosis from 18 patients (6 females and 12 males; mean age, 50.5 years) with MDS that underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to determine the associations between clinical and histopathological data and outcome. There were 5 refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) and 13 refractory anemia with excess blasts, type 2 (RAEB-2) cases. p53-IR was assessed as the percentage of hematopoietic cells exhibiting intense nuclear staining. The cut off for positivity was 5% of stained cells. A positive p53-IR was detected in 7 patients (38.9%) and was associated with age (P=0.005) and pattern of BM fibrosis (P=0.03). A positive p53-IR was more frequent in females, in highly cellular BMBs and in RAEB-2 cases. Overall survival (OS) was associated with patients' age (P=0.01), hemoglobin level (P=0.04), type of MDS (P=0.05), degree of BM fibrosis (P=0.006) and number of BM blasts (P=0.05). The OS of patients with negative p53-IR tended to be longer compared with that of patients with positive p53-IR, although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.1). Despite the limitation of the low number of cases, the present results indicate that a positive p53-IR at diagnosis is associated with clinically more aggressive MDS subtypes and adverse histological prognostic factors, such as BM fibrosis. Therefore, the evaluation of p53 expression of BMBs of patients with MDS may be introduced in the histopathological work-up of the disease.