Alden F Smith1, David C Ianacone1, Robbert J H Ensink2, Abebe Melaku3, Margaretha L Casselbrant4, Glenn Isaacson5. 1. Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 2. Department of Otolaryngology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, Zutphen, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Otolaryngology, Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 4. Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 5. Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Pediatrics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: glenn.isaacson@temple.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in children infected with HIV/AIDS is not well studied. Even fewer studies focus on stable HIV-infected children treated with high-effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aim to compare the prevalence of ear disease and HL in HAART-treated, HIV + children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with a well, similarly-aged elementary school population with unknown HIV status (HIVU). METHODS: Children underwent standard head and neck examination and cerumen removal by board certified otolaryngologists. Next, certified audiologists performed hearing screening with pure-tone audiometry using a circumaural headset but without an ambient noise reducing environment. Children failing audiometric screening underwent full behavioral audiometry including air and bone testing. The primary outcome parameter was HL > 25 dB with the audiologist accounting for background noise. A second endpoint was PTA >40 dB (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) without assessment of background noise. RESULTS: 107 HIV+ and 147 HIVU children met inclusion criteria. In the HIV + cohort 17.8% had evidence of TM perforations and 8.4% had otorrhea. In the HIVU group 2.7% had a TM perforation and 0% had otorrhea. Hearing was significantly worse in HIV + children. (Audiologist determination: 38.3% HL HIV+, 12.2% HIVU, Fisher's-Exact-Test OR: 4.5, 95% CI 2.4-8.3, p-value <0.0001; Worse-hearing-ear PTA > 40 dB: 19.6% HL HIV+, 6.1% HIVU, OR: 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.4, p-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic OM, conductive and mixed hearing losses are significantly more common in HAART-treated HIV + children than in well, similarly-aged controls. Rates of SNHL are similar.
OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in children infected with HIV/AIDS is not well studied. Even fewer studies focus on stable HIV-infectedchildren treated with high-effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aim to compare the prevalence of ear disease and HL in HAART-treated, HIV + children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with a well, similarly-aged elementary school population with unknown HIV status (HIVU). METHODS:Children underwent standard head and neck examination and cerumen removal by board certified otolaryngologists. Next, certified audiologists performed hearing screening with pure-tone audiometry using a circumaural headset but without an ambient noise reducing environment. Children failing audiometric screening underwent full behavioral audiometry including air and bone testing. The primary outcome parameter was HL > 25 dB with the audiologist accounting for background noise. A second endpoint was PTA >40 dB (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) without assessment of background noise. RESULTS: 107 HIV+ and 147 HIVU children met inclusion criteria. In the HIV + cohort 17.8% had evidence of TM perforations and 8.4% had otorrhea. In the HIVU group 2.7% had a TM perforation and 0% had otorrhea. Hearing was significantly worse in HIV + children. (Audiologist determination: 38.3% HL HIV+, 12.2% HIVU, Fisher's-Exact-Test OR: 4.5, 95% CI 2.4-8.3, p-value <0.0001; Worse-hearing-ear PTA > 40 dB: 19.6% HL HIV+, 6.1% HIVU, OR: 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.4, p-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic OM, conductive and mixed hearing losses are significantly more common in HAART-treated HIV + children than in well, similarly-aged controls. Rates of SNHL are similar.
Authors: Kenny Chan; Phyllis Carosone-Link; Mary Thatcher G Bautista; Diozele Sanvictores; Kristin Uhler; Veronica Tallo; Marilla G Lucero; Joanne De Jesus; Eric A F Simoes Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2021-02-17 Impact factor: 3.006
Authors: Janaina Oliveira Bentivi; Conceição de Maria Pedrozo E Silva de Azevedo; Monique Kelly Duarte Lopes; Savya Cybelle Milhomem Rocha; Paula Cristina Ribeiro E Silva; Valeria Maciel Costa; Ana Beatriz Sousa Costa Journal: J Pediatr (Rio J) Date: 2020-01-03 Impact factor: 2.990