Rene Ecochard1, Thomas Bouchard2, Rene Leiva3, Saman Abdulla4, Olivier Dupuis5, Olivia Duterque5, Marie Garmier Billard5, Hans Boehringer6, Christophe Genolini7. 1. Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: rene.ecochard@chu-lyon.fr. 2. Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 3. Bruyère Research Institute, CT Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Department of Family Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 4. Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France. 5. Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France. 6. DCN Diagnostics, Carlsbad, California. 7. INSERM, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the variability of hormonal profiles during the luteal phase in normal cycles. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): Ninety-nine women contributing 266 menstrual cycles. INTERVENTION(S): The women collected first morning urine samples that were analyzed for estrone-3-glucuronide, pregnanediol-3-alpha-glucuronide (PDG), FSH, and LH. The women had serum P tests (twice per cycle) and underwent ultrasonography to identify the day of ovulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The luteal phase was divided into three parts: the early luteal phase with increasing PDG (luteinization), the midluteal phase with PDG ≥10 μg/mg Cr (progestation), and the late luteal phase (luteolysis) when PDG fell below 10 μg/mg Cr. RESULT(S): Long luteal phases begin with long luteinization processes. The early luteal phase is marked by low PDG and high LH levels. Long luteinization phases were correlated with low E1G and low PDG levels at day 3. The length of the early luteal phase is highly variable between cycles of the same woman. The duration and hormonal levels during the rest of the luteal phase were less correlated with other characteristics of the cycle. CONCLUSION(S): The study showed the presence of a prolonged pituitary activity during the luteinization process, which seems to be modulated by an interaction between P and LH. This supports a luteal phase model with three distinct processes: the first is a modulated luteinization process, whereas the second and the third are relatively less modulated processes of progestation and luteolysis.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the variability of hormonal profiles during the luteal phase in normal cycles. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): Ninety-nine women contributing 266 menstrual cycles. INTERVENTION(S): The women collected first morning urine samples that were analyzed for estrone-3-glucuronide, pregnanediol-3-alpha-glucuronide (PDG), FSH, and LH. The women had serum P tests (twice per cycle) and underwent ultrasonography to identify the day of ovulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The luteal phase was divided into three parts: the early luteal phase with increasing PDG (luteinization), the midluteal phase with PDG ≥10 μg/mg Cr (progestation), and the late luteal phase (luteolysis) when PDG fell below 10 μg/mg Cr. RESULT(S): Long luteal phases begin with long luteinization processes. The early luteal phase is marked by low PDG and high LH levels. Long luteinization phases were correlated with low E1G and low PDG levels at day 3. The length of the early luteal phase is highly variable between cycles of the same woman. The duration and hormonal levels during the rest of the luteal phase were less correlated with other characteristics of the cycle. CONCLUSION(S): The study showed the presence of a prolonged pituitary activity during the luteinization process, which seems to be modulated by an interaction between P and LH. This supports a luteal phase model with three distinct processes: the first is a modulated luteinization process, whereas the second and the third are relatively less modulated processes of progestation and luteolysis.
Authors: Natasha Fowler; Pamela K Keel; S Alexandra Burt; Michael Neale; Steven Boker; Cheryl L Sisk; Kelly L Klump Journal: Int J Eat Disord Date: 2019-01-15 Impact factor: 4.861
Authors: Robert M Gifford; Forbes Howie; Kirsten Wilson; Neil Johnston; Tommaso Todisco; Mike Crane; Julie P Greeves; Karolina Skorupskaite; David R Woods; Rebecca M Reynolds; Richard A Anderson Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-12-04 Impact factor: 4.379