Wake-sleep circuitry: an overview.

Although earlier models of brain circuitry controlling wake-sleep focused on monaminergic and cholinergic arousal systems, recent evidence indicates that these play mainly a modulatory role, and that the backbone of the wake-sleep regulatory system depends upon fast neurotransmitters, such as glutmate and GABA. We review here recent advances in understanding the role these systems play in controlling sleep and wakefulness.