Lydia W Li1, Ding Ding2, Bei Wu3, XinQi Dong4. 1. School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 2. Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, China. 3. Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess cognitive change in a 2-year period among U.S. Chinese older adults and examine sociodemographic characteristics associated with the change. METHODS: Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) in which 2,713 participants (aged 60 and older) received in-home interviews at both the baseline and 2-year follow-up. A battery of cognitive tests that assessed episodic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and overall cognitive status were administered in both times. A composite global cognition was constructed using all tests. Mixed-effect regression was conducted. RESULTS: Older age was associated with worse baseline cognition (ie, in all cognitive abilities) and faster decline in global cognition, episodic memory, and perceptual speed-rates of decline increased by .006, .004, and .009 standard score units, respectively, for each year older. More education was associated with better baseline cognition, but each year of additional schooling increased rates of decline in global cognition and episodic memory by .004 and .012 standard score units, respectively. Men performed better than women in most cognitive abilities at baseline but had faster rates of decline in working memory. Higher income was associated with better cognition at baseline and reduced rates of decline in working memory. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest differences in the rates of cognitive change by age, sex, education, and income. Those in advancing age are vulnerable to cognitive decline. The effects of education and sex on baseline performance versus change suggest a role for life experiences in cognition.
BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess cognitive change in a 2-year period among U.S. Chinese older adults and examine sociodemographic characteristics associated with the change. METHODS: Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) in which 2,713 participants (aged 60 and older) received in-home interviews at both the baseline and 2-year follow-up. A battery of cognitive tests that assessed episodic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and overall cognitive status were administered in both times. A composite global cognition was constructed using all tests. Mixed-effect regression was conducted. RESULTS: Older age was associated with worse baseline cognition (ie, in all cognitive abilities) and faster decline in global cognition, episodic memory, and perceptual speed-rates of decline increased by .006, .004, and .009 standard score units, respectively, for each year older. More education was associated with better baseline cognition, but each year of additional schooling increased rates of decline in global cognition and episodic memory by .004 and .012 standard score units, respectively. Men performed better than women in most cognitive abilities at baseline but had faster rates of decline in working memory. Higher income was associated with better cognition at baseline and reduced rates of decline in working memory. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest differences in the rates of cognitive change by age, sex, education, and income. Those in advancing age are vulnerable to cognitive decline. The effects of education and sex on baseline performance versus change suggest a role for life experiences in cognition.
Authors: R S Wilson; D A Bennett; L A Beckett; M C Morris; D W Gilley; J L Bienias; P A Scherr; D A Evans Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 1999-05 Impact factor: 4.077
Authors: Paul W H Brewster; Rebecca J Melrose; María J Marquine; Julene K Johnson; Anna Napoles; Anna MacKay-Brandt; Sarah Farias; Bruce Reed; Dan Mungas Journal: Neuropsychology Date: 2014-06-16 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Arun S Karlamangla; Dana Miller-Martinez; Carol S Aneshensel; Teresa E Seeman; Richard G Wight; Joshua Chodosh Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2009-07-15 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Alden L Gross; Dan M Mungas; Paul K Crane; Laura E Gibbons; Anna MacKay-Brandt; Jennifer J Manly; Shubhabrata Mukherjee; Heather Romero; Bonnie Sachs; Michael Thomas; Guy G Potter; Richard N Jones Journal: Psychol Aging Date: 2015-11-02
Authors: Heather E Whitson; Alice Cronin-Golomb; Karen J Cruickshanks; Grover C Gilmore; Cynthia Owsley; Jonathan E Peelle; Gregg Recanzone; Anu Sharma; Bonnielin Swenor; Kristine Yaffe; Frank R Lin Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2018-09-24 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Edward H Ip; Shyh-Huei Chen; W Jack Rejeski; Karen Bandeen-Roche; Kathleen M Hayden; Christina E Hugenschmidt; June Pierce; Michael E Miller; Jaime L Speiser; Stephen B Kritchevsky; Denise K Houston; Robert L Newton; Stephen R Rapp; Dalane W Kitzman Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2022-08-12 Impact factor: 6.591
Authors: Alka M Kanaya; Ann W Hsing; Sela V Panapasa; Namratha R Kandula; Maria Rosario G Araneta; Daichi Shimbo; Paul Wang; Scarlett L Gomez; Jinkook Lee; K M Venkat Narayan; Marjorie K L Mala Mau; Sonali Bose; Martha L Daviglus; Frank B Hu; Nadia Islam; Chandra L Jackson; Merle Kataoka-Yahiro; John S K Kauwe; Simin Liu; Grace X Ma; Tung Nguyen; Latha Palaniappan; V Wendy Setiawan; Chau Trinh-Shevrin; Janice Y Tsoh; Dhananjay Vaidya; Barbara Vickrey; Thomas J Wang; Nathan D Wong; Sean Coady; Yuling Hong Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2022-01-04 Impact factor: 51.598
Authors: Ester Cerin; Anthony Barnett; Basile Chaix; Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen; Karen Caeyenberghs; Bin Jalaludin; Takemi Sugiyama; James F Sallis; Nicola T Lautenschlager; Michael Y Ni; Govinda Poudel; David Donaire-Gonzalez; Rachel Tham; Amanda J Wheeler; Luke Knibbs; Linwei Tian; Yih-Kai Chan; David W Dunstan; Alison Carver; Kaarin J Anstey Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2020-03-18 Impact factor: 2.692