Therapeutic Options for Aggressive T-Cell Lymphomas.

T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a rare, heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas associated with very poor prognosis with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. Epigenetic-based therapy, such as with histone deacetylase inhibitors, was initially discovered to be efficacious in TCL. In recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms driving T-cell lymphomagenesis has validated the use of epigenetic-based drugs and has also led to the development of novel agents with promising efficacy in pre-clinical and early clinical trials. These new treatments play upon the prominent existence of epigenetic and immune dysfunction present in T-cell lymphomas. With these advances, novel therapeutic regimens combining traditional chemotherapy as well as epigenetic and/or immunotherapy serve as promising future treatment options for TCL. In this review, we discuss the traditional methods of treatment for TCL as well as novel agents and combinations that will likely change the treatment paradigms resulting in better clinical outcomes.