Literature DB >> 28565737

[A Study on the establishment of immune thrombocytopenia model induced by anti-platelet GPⅠbα antibodies].

K X Zhou1, R Yan, M X Chen, J Liu, Q Y Cui, R P Hu, Y C Liu, Y Zhang, C G Ruan, K S Dai.   

Abstract

Objective: To establish primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) animal model induced by anti-platelet membrane glycoprotein GPⅠbα antibodies AN51 and R300.
Methods: Twenty guinea pigs (6-8 week) were divided into 4 groups. Five guinea pigs in each group were intravenously injected with different doses of AN51 (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 μg/g) and 0.2 μg/g IgG as control. The whole blood was collected from inner angular venous plexus. Platelets number was determined by an automated cell counter and Swiss-Jim method. Then, the similar protocol was used to establish ITP nude mice model by intraperitoneal injection of different concentrations of anti-platelet GPⅠbα antibody R300, respectively.
Results: ①Five minutes after intravenous injection of AN51 at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μg/g, the platelet counts of guinea pigs reduced about 0-5%, 50%-60% and 70%-80% compared to the control group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01) . ②Six hours after intraperitoneal injection of R300 at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 μg/g, the platelet counts of nude mice decreased about 20%-30%, 60%-70% and 80%-90% compared to the control group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01) . The nude mice, injected 0.2 μg/g R300 once a day for 2 weeks, showed typical ITP clinical manifestations including large number of petechiaes or ecchymoses on limbs, head and abdomen.
Conclusion: AN51 at 0.2 μg/g and R300 at 0.2 μg/g could establish stable ITP model in guinea pigs and nude mice respectively.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Models, animal; Platelet Membrane GlycoproteinⅠb; Thrombocytopenia

Mesh:

Substances:

Year:  2017        PMID: 28565737      PMCID: PMC7354184          DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.05.007

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi        ISSN: 0253-2727


原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)是一种常见的由于自身免疫引起的出血性疾病[1]–[3]。ITP患者体内抗自身血小板抗体多数为抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa型,GPⅠb-Ⅳ型占32.1%[4]–[5]。然而,抗GPⅠb-Ⅳ型抗体的患者多为难治性ITP,常规药物治疗和脾切除的效果不佳[6]–[7]。ITP的发病机制目前还不是十分清楚,其主要是因为机体的免疫系统异常,产生了抗血小板的自身抗体,从而引起自身血小板计数下降[8]。本研究我们使用抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体诱导建立豚鼠和裸鼠ITP模型,旨在为研究ITP发病机制提供理想的动物模型和技术方法。

材料与方法

1.材料:抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体AN51由江苏省血液研究所阮长耿院士惠赠。抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体R300购自德国Emfret公司。豚鼠、裸鼠购自昭衍新药研究有限公司。 2.洗涤血小板:分别采集豚鼠和裸鼠血液2.0、1.0 ml,以葡萄糖柠檬酸钠7∶1抗凝后混匀,200 ×g离心20 min,得到富含血小板血浆(PRP),1 700 ×g离心2 min,弃去上清液,沉淀部分用CGS缓冲液(0.123 mol/L NaCl、0.033 mol/L D-葡萄糖、0.013 mol/L枸橼酸三钠,pH 6.5)重悬,1 700×g离心2 min,弃去上清液,沉淀部分重悬于MTB缓冲液,最后调整血小板悬液的终浓度至3×108/ml。调整Ca2+Mg2+终浓度为1 mmol/L,室温静置1 h备用。 3.流式细胞术检测抗体与血小板结合:取100 µl 3×108/ml豚鼠或裸鼠血小板悬液,分别加入相对应的终浓度10 µg/ml 2.5 µl IgG(对照组)、1 µl AN51AN51组)和2 µl R300R300组)轻轻混匀,室温下孵育30 min,然后加入200 µl CGS缓冲液,1 700×g离心2 min,弃去上清液后分别重悬于50 µl含有抗IgG、AN51R300二抗(10 µg/ml)的MTB缓冲液,室温孵育30 min,加入350 µl MTB缓冲液上流式细胞仪检测,以CD41-PE和侧向角双参数设定血小板门,FL1 Log荧光通道(488 nm)观测抗体与血小板结合百分率(计数阳性细胞10 000个)。 4.抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体诱导建立ITP动物模型:将20只6~8周豚鼠和裸鼠分别分为对照组和3个实验组,每组5只。豚鼠对照组和实验组分别静脉注射0.2 µg/g IgG和0.05、0.1、0.2 µg/g AN51,裸鼠对照组和实验组分别腹腔注射0.2 µg/g IgG和0.05、0.1、0.2 µg/g R300,在注射后不同时间点对豚鼠和裸鼠行眼眶后静脉丛采血,应用血细胞分析仪检测血小板水平,以此确定建立ITP模型所需要抗体的剂量及时间。 5.统计学处理:采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析。所有数据以均数±标准差表示,两组之间的比较采用配对t检验,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。

结果

1.AN51诱导建立ITP豚鼠模型:流式细胞术检测显示,AN51能够与豚鼠血小板结合(图1A)。静脉注射0.05、0.1、0.2 µg/g AN51后不同时间点行眼眶后静脉丛采血,血细胞分析结果显示AN51能够以剂量依赖性方式诱导豚鼠外周血血小板计数快速下降,注射后5 min,0.05、0.1、0.2 µg/g AN51组豚鼠血小板计数分别减低0~5%、50%~60%、70%~80%,0.2 µg/g组血小板计数下降最为明显,与对照组(注射0.2 µg/g IgG)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)(图1B)。
图1

抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体AN51诱导建立原发免疫性血小板减少症豚鼠模型

A:流式细胞术检测AN51与豚鼠血小板结合;B:静脉注射AN51后不同时间点血小板水平;aP<0.001,bP<0.01,cP<0.05

抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体AN51诱导建立原发免疫性血小板减少症豚鼠模型

A:流式细胞术检测AN51与豚鼠血小板结合;B:静脉注射AN51后不同时间点血小板水平;aP<0.001,bP<0.01,cP<0.05 2.R300诱导建立ITP裸鼠模型:流式细胞术检测显示,R300能够与裸鼠血小板结合(图2A)。腹腔注射0.05、0.1、0.2 µg/g R300后不同时间点行眼眶后静脉丛采血,血细胞分析结果显示R300能够以剂量依赖性方式诱导豚鼠外周血血小板计数快速下降,注射后6 h,0.05、0.1、0.2 µg/g R300组裸鼠血小板计数分别下降20%~30%、60%~70%、80%~90%,0.2 µg/g组血小板计数下降最为明显,与对照组(注射0.2 µg/g IgG)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)(图2B)。我们用0.2 µg/g R300建立裸鼠ITP模型,每天注射1次,持续注射1~2周后,裸鼠出现典型ITP出血症状(全身大量瘀点、瘀斑,多见于四肢、头部和腹部)(图3)。
图2

抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体R300诱导建立原发免疫性血小板减少症裸鼠模型

A:流式细胞术检测R300与裸鼠血小板结合;B:腹腔注射R300后不同时间点血小板水平;aP<0.05,bP<0.001

图3

腹腔注射抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体R300(0.2 µg/g)诱导建立原发免疫性血小板减少症裸鼠模型

抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα抗体R300诱导建立原发免疫性血小板减少症裸鼠模型

A:流式细胞术检测R300与裸鼠血小板结合;B:腹腔注射R300后不同时间点血小板水平;aP<0.05,bP<0.001

讨论

ITP是一种自身免疫性出血性疾病。其具体发病机制目前尚未阐明,目前主要认为是由于血小板自身抗体致敏的血小板被单核-巨噬细胞系统过度破坏[9]–[10]、自身抗体导致巨核细胞成熟障碍[11]–[12]、细胞毒T细胞溶解血小板[13]–[14]和抗原特异性T细胞免疫失耐受[15]–[18]等原因引起血小板减少。 本课题组既往研究发现抗血小板GPⅠbα氨基端抗体AN51能够诱导血小板GPⅠbα簇集引起的αⅡbβ3依赖的血小板聚集,从而导致血小板被肝脏巨噬细胞所识别,进而在肝脏中被清除[19]。本研究中我们发现AN51能够很好地与豚鼠血小板结合,ITP模型个体之间差异很小,因此很适合用于实验研究。同时,为了建立跟人类ITP更加相似的动物模型,我们还使用抗小鼠血小板抗体R300成功建立ITP裸鼠模型。而且我们还发现,持续注射R300抗体的裸鼠出现了明显的临床出血症状。 综上所述,我们应用0.2 µg/g AN51和0.2 µg/g R300分别成功建立豚鼠、裸鼠ITP模型,其中裸鼠模型表现出明显的ITP临床症状。
  19 in total

Review 1.  Immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Authors:  Douglas B Cines; Victor S Blanchette
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2002-03-28       Impact factor: 91.245

2.  Suppression of in vitro megakaryocyte production by antiplatelet autoantibodies from adult patients with chronic ITP.

Authors:  Robert McMillan; Lei Wang; Aaron Tomer; Janet Nichol; Jeanne Pistillo
Journal:  Blood       Date:  2003-10-23       Impact factor: 22.113

3.  Functional properties of lymphocytes in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Authors:  N P Webber; J O Mascarenhas; M K Crow; J Bussel; E J Schattner
Journal:  Hum Immunol       Date:  2001-12       Impact factor: 2.850

Review 4.  The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia.

Authors:  Cindy Neunert; Wendy Lim; Mark Crowther; Alan Cohen; Lawrence Solberg; Mark A Crowther
Journal:  Blood       Date:  2011-02-16       Impact factor: 22.113

Review 5.  Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Authors:  S Karpatkin
Journal:  Blood       Date:  1980-09       Impact factor: 22.113

6.  Glycoprotein Ibα clustering induces macrophage-mediated platelet clearance in the liver.

Authors:  Rong Yan; Mengxing Chen; Na Ma; Lili Zhao; Lijuan Cao; Yiwen Zhang; Jie Zhang; Ziqiang Yu; Zhaoyue Wang; Lijun Xia; Changgeng Ruan; Kesheng Dai
Journal:  Thromb Haemost       Date:  2014-09-18       Impact factor: 5.249

7.  Prospective evaluation of the immunobead assay for the diagnosis of adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

Authors:  R McMillan; L Wang; P Tani
Journal:  J Thromb Haemost       Date:  2003-03       Impact factor: 5.824

8.  Autoimmune thrombocytopenia: flow cytometric determination of platelet-associated CD154/CD40L and CD40 on peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes.

Authors:  Mohamed H Meabed; Gamal M Taha; Seham O Mohamed; Khaled S El-Hadidy
Journal:  Hematology       Date:  2007-08       Impact factor: 2.269

9.  High Th1/Th2 ratio in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Authors:  Hatsue Ogawara; Hiroshi Handa; Kimio Morita; Masaki Hayakawa; Junko Kojima; Hatsuo Amagai; Yuki Tsumita; Yoriaki Kaneko; Norifumi Tsukamoto; Yoshihisa Nojima; Hirokazu Murakami
Journal:  Eur J Haematol       Date:  2003-10       Impact factor: 2.997

10.  [Consensus of Chinese experts on diagnosis and treatment of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (version 2016)].

Authors: 
Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi       Date:  2016-02
View more

北京卡尤迪生物科技股份有限公司 © 2022-2023.