THE DISTRIBUTION AMONG POPULATIONS IN PHENOTYPIC VARIANCE WITH INBREEDING.

The effects of inbreeding on the phenotypic variance within populations were measured in a set of 30 bottlenecked lines derived from a single source population of Drosophila melanogaster. Inbred lines had significant variance among lines in the amount of phenotypic variance within lines, for thorax length, and sternopleural bristle scores. When significance levels were corrected on an experimentwide basis, no line had significant increases in phenotypic variance for sternopleural bristle counts, although two lines had significant increases in thorax length variance. These results demonstrate that inbred lines cannot be treated as necessarily more uniform than outbred lines and that results on changes in variance due to inbreeding should be treated with caution unless there has been sufficient replication. These results also demonstrate the validity of an important assumption of models of evolution by variance-mediated mechanisms, such as the variance-induced peak-shift model. © 1996 The Society for the Study of Evolution.