Sujin Suk1, Gyoo Taik Kwon2, Eunjung Lee1, Woo Jung Jang1, Hee Yang1, Jong Hun Kim3, N R Thimmegowda4, Min-Yu Chung1, Jung Yeon Kwon5, Seunghee Yang1, Jason K Kim1,5, Jung Han Yoon Park2,3, Ki Won Lee1,3. 1. Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. 3. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Chemical Biology Research Center and World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea. 5. Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Abstract
SCOPE: Ginger exerts protective effects on obesity and its complications. Our objectives here are to identify bioactive compounds that inhibit adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in vitro, elucidate the anti-obesity effect of gingerenone A (GA) in diet-induced obesity (DIO), and investigate whether GA affects adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Oil red O staining showed that GA had the most potent inhibitory effect on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells among ginger components tested at a single concentration (40 μM). Consistent with in vitro data, GA attenuates DIO by reducing fat mass in mice. This was accompanied by a modulation of fatty acid metabolism via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, GA suppressed ATI by inhibiting macrophage recruitment and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GA may be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity and its complications by suppressing adipose expansion and inflammation.
SCOPE: Ginger exerts protective effects on obesity and its complications. Our objectives here are to identify bioactive compounds that inhibit adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in vitro, elucidate the anti-obesity effect of gingerenone A (GA) in diet-induced obesity (DIO), and investigate whether GA affects adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). METHODS AND RESULTS:Oil red O staining showed that GA had the most potent inhibitory effect on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells among ginger components tested at a single concentration (40 μM). Consistent with in vitro data, GA attenuates DIO by reducing fat mass in mice. This was accompanied by a modulation of fatty acid metabolism via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, GA suppressed ATI by inhibiting macrophage recruitment and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GA may be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity and its complications by suppressing adipose expansion and inflammation.
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