Uterine adenomyosis and infertility, review of reproductive outcome after in vitro fertilization and surgery.

This review includes an analysis of the clinical studies evaluating reproductive outcome and adenomyosis, and a review of studies on reproductive outcome and surgical treatment options for adenomyosis. Strict diagnostic criteria and classification of disease are needed for an image diagnosis of adenomyosis. Studies of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) populations and women with surgically treated deep endometriosis have suggested that adenomyosis has a negative impact on reproductive outcome, although there are substantial variations between studies. Few data are available on the relation between the extent of disease and impact on reproductive outcome, but a correlation appears to exist. Case series seem to confirm a positive effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment and surgery on reproductive outcome, but there are no controlled trials. Evidence is impaired by the poor quality of many studies, a lack of strict image diagnosis, and the absence of a classification of the extent of disease. Selection of the optimal evidence-based treatment options for adenomyosis in the fertility clinic is difficult because of a lack of evidence regarding the relation between fertility and the degree and composition of adenomyosis. Adenomyosis may reduce implantation so severely that surgical or other treatment options should be recommended, but the benefit of these treatment options needs to be verified. Referral of women with adenomyosis and recurrent miscarriage and repeated failure of assisted reproductive technology to centers with a special interest in adenomyosis research and treatment may be critical.