Osteolytic lesions: osteitis fibrosa cystica in the setting of severe primary hyperparathyroidism.

A 58-year-old female patient presented with several weeks history of significant bilateral knee pain. Initial knee radiographs demonstrated lucencies of the bony cortex while extensive osteolytic lesions on a routine chest radiograph were suggestive of multiple myeloma or bony metastases. Biochemical investigation revealed primary hyperparathyroidism with renal insufficiency. A parathyroid adenoma was demonstrated on a neck ultrasound and sestamibi scan and subsequently confirmed by histology. We illustrate a case of primary hyperparathyroidism with osteitis fibrosa cystica and brown tumours which were initially mistaken for malignant disease. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.