Xiaoshan Li1, Kexin Zhu2, Yile Xue3, Feiran Wei4, Rong Gao5, Ralf Duerr6, Kun Fang1, Wei Li7, Yue Song1, Guoping Du8, Wenjuan Yan1, Taha Hussein Musa1, You Ge1, Yu Ji1, Ping Zhong9, Pingmin Wei10. 1. Teaching and Research Office of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. 2. School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China. 3. Department of AIDS and STD, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Institutes for Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China. 4. Department of Oncology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China. 5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China. 6. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 7. Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and School Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China. 8. Hospital Office, Southeast University Hospital, Nanjing, China. 9. Department of AIDS and STD, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Institutes for Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zhongp56@hotmail.com. 10. Teaching and Research Office of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: mpw1963@126.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the viral genetic evolution, spatial origins and patterns of transmission of HIV-1 subtype B in Shanghai, China. METHODS: A total of 242 Shanghai subtype B and 1519 reference pol sequences were subjected to phylogenetic inference and genetic transmission network analyses. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that subtype B strains circulating in Shanghai were genetically diverse and closely associated with viral sequence lineages in Beijing (76 of 242 [31.4%]), Central China (Henan/Hebei/Hunan/Hubei) (43 of 242 [17.8%]), Chinese Taiwan (20 of 242 [8.3%]), Japan (6 of 242 [2.5%]), and Korea (7 of 242 [2.9%]), suggesting multiple introductions into Shanghai from mainland China and Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Interestingly, a monophyletic Shanghai lineage (SH-L) (36 of 242 [14.9%]) of HIV-1 subtype B most likely originated from an Argentine strain, transferred through Liaoning infected individuals. In-depth analyses of 195 Shanghai subtype B sequences revealed that a total of 37.9% (n = 74) sequences contributed to 35 transmission networks, whereof 33.8% (n = 25) of the sequences associated with infected individuals from other provinces. CONCLUSIONS: Our new findings reflect the evolution complexity and transmission dynamics of HIV-1 subtype B in Shanghai, which would provide critical information for the design of effective prevention measures against HIV transmission.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the viral genetic evolution, spatial origins and patterns of transmission of HIV-1 subtype B in Shanghai, China. METHODS: A total of 242 Shanghai subtype B and 1519 reference pol sequences were subjected to phylogenetic inference and genetic transmission network analyses. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that subtype B strains circulating in Shanghai were genetically diverse and closely associated with viral sequence lineages in Beijing (76 of 242 [31.4%]), Central China (Henan/Hebei/Hunan/Hubei) (43 of 242 [17.8%]), Chinese Taiwan (20 of 242 [8.3%]), Japan (6 of 242 [2.5%]), and Korea (7 of 242 [2.9%]), suggesting multiple introductions into Shanghai from mainland China and Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Interestingly, a monophyletic Shanghai lineage (SH-L) (36 of 242 [14.9%]) of HIV-1 subtype B most likely originated from an Argentine strain, transferred through Liaoning infected individuals. In-depth analyses of 195 Shanghai subtype B sequences revealed that a total of 37.9% (n = 74) sequences contributed to 35 transmission networks, whereof 33.8% (n = 25) of the sequences associated with infected individuals from other provinces. CONCLUSIONS: Our new findings reflect the evolution complexity and transmission dynamics of HIV-1 subtype B in Shanghai, which would provide critical information for the design of effective prevention measures against HIV transmission.