L Tibi1, P van Oppen2, A J L M van Balkom2, M Eikelenboom2, J Rickelt3, K R J Schruers4, G E Anholt5. 1. Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. Electronic address: tibi@post.bgu.ac.il. 2. Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 3. Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, the Netherlands. 4. Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium. 5. Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is the most common comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the mechanisms of depressive comorbidity in OCD are poorly understood. We assessed the directionality and moderators of the OCD-depression association over time in a large, prospective clinical sample of OCD patients. METHODS: Data were drawn from 382 OCD patients participating at the Netherlands Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) study. Cross-lagged, structural equation modeling analyses were used to assess the temporal association between OCD and depressive symptoms. Assessments were conducted at baseline, two-year and four-year follow up. Cognitive and interpersonal moderators of the prospective association between OCD and depressive symptoms were tested. RESULTS: Cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that OCD predicts depressive symptoms at two-year follow up and not vice a versa. This relationship disappeared at four-year follow up. Secure attachment style moderated the prospective association between OCD and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive comorbidity in OCD might constitute a functional consequence of the incapacitating OCD symptoms. Both OCD and depression symptoms demonstrated strong stability effects between two-year and four-year follow up, which may explain the lack of association between them in that period. Among OCD patients, secure attachment represents a buffer against future depressive symptoms.
BACKGROUND:Depression is the most common comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the mechanisms of depressive comorbidity in OCD are poorly understood. We assessed the directionality and moderators of the OCD-depression association over time in a large, prospective clinical sample of OCDpatients. METHODS: Data were drawn from 382 OCDpatients participating at the Netherlands Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) study. Cross-lagged, structural equation modeling analyses were used to assess the temporal association between OCD and depressive symptoms. Assessments were conducted at baseline, two-year and four-year follow up. Cognitive and interpersonal moderators of the prospective association between OCD and depressive symptoms were tested. RESULTS: Cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that OCD predicts depressive symptoms at two-year follow up and not vice a versa. This relationship disappeared at four-year follow up. Secure attachment style moderated the prospective association between OCD and depression. CONCLUSIONS:Depressive comorbidity in OCD might constitute a functional consequence of the incapacitating OCD symptoms. Both OCD and depression symptoms demonstrated strong stability effects between two-year and four-year follow up, which may explain the lack of association between them in that period. Among OCDpatients, secure attachment represents a buffer against future depressive symptoms.
Authors: Zhiqiang Sha; Amelia Versace; E Kale Edmiston; Jay Fournier; Simona Graur; Tsafrir Greenberg; João Paulo Lima Santos; Henry W Chase; Richelle S Stiffler; Lisa Bonar; Robert Hudak; Anastasia Yendiki; Benjamin D Greenberg; Steven Rasmussen; Hesheng Liu; Gregory Quirk; Suzanne Haber; Mary L Phillips Journal: Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging Date: 2020-04-22 Impact factor: 2.376
Authors: Jafar Bakhshaie; Daniel A Geller; Sabine Wilhelm; Joseph F McGuire; Brent J Small; Sandra L Cepeda; Sophie C Schneider; Tanya K Murphy; Rachel Porth; Eric A Storch Journal: Behav Res Ther Date: 2020-07-28