Effect of Simulation on Learner Stress as Measured by Cortisol: An Integrative Review.

Simulated learning has become a mainstay in nursing education. Current literature focuses primarily on the development and implementation of simulation, although little is known about the stress that students experience. This integrative review examines studies evaluating learner stress in simulated settings as measured by cortisol. Findings suggest that cortisol is a valid measure of stress in simulation. Evidence is inconclusive on whether elevated stress during simulation promotes performance.