C Brei1, L Stecher1, S Brunner1, R Ensenauer2,3, F Heinen4, P D Wagner5, J Hermsdörfer5, H Hauner1,6. 1. Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. 2. Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Experimental Pediatrics and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 3. Research Center, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. 4. Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. 5. Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Human Movement Science, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. 6. ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Nutritional Medicine Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Evidence regarding the effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation during pregnancy on offspring's neurodevelopment is not conclusive. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: In this analysis, the effect of a reduced n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio in the diet of pregnant/lactating women (1.2 g n-3 LCPUFA together with anarachidonic acid (AA)-balanced diet between 15th wk of gestation-4 months postpartum vs control diet) on child neurodevelopment at 4 and 5 years of age was assessed. A child development inventory (CDI) questionnaire and a hand movement test measuring mirror movements (MMs) were applied and the association with cord blood LCPUFA concentrations examined. RESULTS:CDI questionnaire data, which categorizes children as 'normal', 'borderline' or 'delayed' in different areas of development, showed no significant evidence between study groups at 4 (n=119) and 5 years (n=130) except for the area 'letters' at 5 years of age (P=0.043). Similarly, the results did not strongly support the hypothesis that the intervention has a beneficial effect on MMs (for example, at 5 years: dominant hand, fast: adjusted mean difference, -0.08 (-0.43, 0.26); P=0.631). Children exposed to higher cord blood concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and AA, as well as a lower ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids appeared to show beneficial effects on MMs, but these results were largely not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not show clear benefits or harms of a change in the n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio during pregnancy on offspring's neurodevelopment at preschool age. Findings on cord blood LCPUFAs point to a potential influence on offspring development.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Evidence regarding the effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation during pregnancy on offspring's neurodevelopment is not conclusive. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: In this analysis, the effect of a reduced n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio in the diet of pregnant/lactating women (1.2 g n-3 LCPUFA together with an arachidonic acid (AA)-balanced diet between 15th wk of gestation-4 months postpartum vs control diet) on child neurodevelopment at 4 and 5 years of age was assessed. A child development inventory (CDI) questionnaire and a hand movement test measuring mirror movements (MMs) were applied and the association with cord blood LCPUFA concentrations examined. RESULTS: CDI questionnaire data, which categorizes children as 'normal', 'borderline' or 'delayed' in different areas of development, showed no significant evidence between study groups at 4 (n=119) and 5 years (n=130) except for the area 'letters' at 5 years of age (P=0.043). Similarly, the results did not strongly support the hypothesis that the intervention has a beneficial effect on MMs (for example, at 5 years: dominant hand, fast: adjusted mean difference, -0.08 (-0.43, 0.26); P=0.631). Children exposed to higher cord blood concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and AA, as well as a lower ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids appeared to show beneficial effects on MMs, but these results were largely not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not show clear benefits or harms of a change in the n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio during pregnancy on offspring's neurodevelopment at preschool age. Findings on cord blood LCPUFAs point to a potential influence on offspring development.
Authors: H Hauner; C Vollhardt; K T M Schneider; A Zimmermann; T Schuster; U Amann-Gassner Journal: Ann Nutr Metab Date: 2009-03-19 Impact factor: 3.374
Authors: Joseph L Jacobson; Sandra W Jacobson; Gina Muckle; Melissa Kaplan-Estrin; Pierre Ayotte; Eric Dewailly Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2007-10-22 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: Ingrid B Helland; Lars Smith; Birgitta Blomén; Kristin Saarem; Ola D Saugstad; Christian A Drevon Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2008-08 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Emily Oken; Jenny S Radesky; Robert O Wright; David C Bellinger; Chitra J Amarasiriwardena; Ken P Kleinman; Howard Hu; Matthew W Gillman Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2008-03-18 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Sunita R Cheruku; Hawley E Montgomery-Downs; Susanna L Farkas; Evelyn B Thoman; Carol J Lammi-Keefe Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Julie E H Nevins; Sharon M Donovan; Linda Snetselaar; Kathryn G Dewey; Rachel Novotny; Jamie Stang; Elsie M Taveras; Ronald E Kleinman; Regan L Bailey; Ramkripa Raghavan; Sara R Scinto-Madonich; Sudha Venkatramanan; Gisela Butera; Nancy Terry; Jean Altman; Meghan Adler; Julie E Obbagy; Eve E Stoody; Janet de Jesus Journal: J Nutr Date: 2021-11-02 Impact factor: 4.687