Yvonne Couch1, Naveed Akbar2, Simon Davis2, Roman Fischer2, Alex M Dickens2, Ain A Neuhaus2, Annette I Burgess2, Peter M Rothwell2, Alastair M Buchan2. 1. From the Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital (Y.C., A.A.N., A.M.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital (N.A.), Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine (S.D., R.F.), and Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.R., A.I.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Biocity, Finland (A.M.D.). yvonne.couch@rdm.ox.ac.uk. 2. From the Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital (Y.C., A.A.N., A.M.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital (N.A.), Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine (S.D., R.F.), and Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.R., A.I.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Biocity, Finland (A.M.D.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are protein-lipid complexes released from cells, as well as actively exocytosed, as part of normal physiology, but also during pathological processes such as those occurring during a stroke. Our aim was to determine the inflammatory potential of stroke EVs. METHODS: EVs were quantified and analyzed in the sera of patients after an acute stroke (<24 hours; OXVASC [Oxford Vascular Study]). Isolated EV fractions were subjected to untargeted proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry/mass-spectrometry and then applied to macrophages in culture to investigate inflammatory gene expression. RESULTS: EV number, but not size, is significantly increased in stroke patients when compared to age-matched controls. Proteomic analysis reveals an overall increase in acute phase proteins, including C-reactive protein. EV fractions applied to monocyte-differentiated macrophage cultures induced inflammatory gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: Together these data show that EVs from stroke patients are proinflammatory in nature and are capable of inducing inflammation in immune cells.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are protein-lipid complexes released from cells, as well as actively exocytosed, as part of normal physiology, but also during pathological processes such as those occurring during a stroke. Our aim was to determine the inflammatory potential of stroke EVs. METHODS: EVs were quantified and analyzed in the sera of patients after an acute stroke (<24 hours; OXVASC [Oxford Vascular Study]). Isolated EV fractions were subjected to untargeted proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry/mass-spectrometry and then applied to macrophages in culture to investigate inflammatory gene expression. RESULTS: EV number, but not size, is significantly increased in stroke patients when compared to age-matched controls. Proteomic analysis reveals an overall increase in acute phase proteins, including C-reactive protein. EV fractions applied to monocyte-differentiated macrophage cultures induced inflammatory gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: Together these data show that EVs from stroke patients are proinflammatory in nature and are capable of inducing inflammation in immune cells.
Authors: Paul Cherian; Graeme J Hankey; John W Eikelboom; Jim Thom; Ross I Baker; Andrew McQuillan; Janelle Staton; Qilong Yi Journal: Stroke Date: 2003-08-07 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: P M Rothwell; A J Coull; M F Giles; S C Howard; L E Silver; L M Bull; S A Gutnikov; P Edwards; D Mant; C M Sackley; A Farmer; P A G Sandercock; M S Dennis; C P Warlow; J M Bamford; P Anslow Journal: Lancet Date: 2004-06-12 Impact factor: 79.321