Risk assessment of the endocrine-disrupting effects of nine chiral pesticides.

The increased release of chiral pesticides into the environment has generated interest in the role of enantioselectivity in the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of these compounds. However, the information on the endocrine disrupting effects (EDEs) of chiral pesticides is still limited and discrepancies are also usually observed among different assays. In this study, we investigated the enantioselectivity of EDEs via estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors for nine chiral pesticides using in vitro and in silico approaches. The results of the luciferase reporter gene assays showed 7 chiral pesticides possessed enantioselective estrogenic activities and 2 chiral pesticides exerted thyroid hormone antagonistic effects. Proliferation assays in MCF-7 and GH3 cells were also used to verify the results of the dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. At last, the molecular docking results indicated that the enantioselective EDEs of chiral pesticides were partially due to enantiospecific binding affinities with receptors. Our data not only show enantioselective EDEs of nine chiral pesticides, but also would be helpful to better understanding the molecular biological mechanisms of enantioselectivity in EDEs of chiral pesticides.